<p>Despite numerous empirical studies on poverty, inequality, and violent conflict in Nigeria, there is limited research on their interrelationship and the moderating role of socio-economic development in North Central Nigeria. This study examines how poverty, inequality, and conflict interact in the region, focusing on the moderating effect of socio-economic development. Drawing on relative deprivation theory, the paper explores how perceived economic inequality can fuel grievances, intensify conflict, and undermine livelihoods. A cross-sectional survey of 360 residents from Benue, Nasarawa, Niger, and Plateau States was conducted using a multiple-stage purposive sampling technique. Socio-economic development was measured by access to education, healthcare, infrastructure, employment opportunities, and community development programs. Partial least squares – structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used for data analysis. Results indicate a strong positive correlation between poverty, inequality, and conflict. While socio-economic development directly reduces conflict intensity, its moderating effect on the poverty–conflict relationship is not statistically significant. These findings highlight the need for inclusive policies promoting economic expansion, equitable resource distribution, and social services. This study contributes empirical data from an under-researched, conflict-prone region and offers policy recommendations for addressing socio-economic grievances and fostering sustainable peace and development in North Central Nigeria.</p>