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<p>This article examines contested borderland resources in the Sidama-Oromia regional states’ border areas and the drivers of conflicts. Based on relative deprivation, social identity, and instrumentalist theories of ethnicity, the study investigates how competition over resources, caused by different factors, fuels recurring conflicts along ethnically diverse regional borders. Employing a qualitative research approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Participants of the in-depth interview were selected using snowball sampling, while those of key informant interview and focus group discussion were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected from a total of 89 participants, and subsequently analyzed using narrative design. Findings of the study revealed that political, natural, and socio-economic resources were the major contested resources, while border issues, political design, insufficient conflict-handling mechanisms, poor governance, and conflict entrepreneurs were the major drivers of conflicts. Putting in place clear demarcation of contested border areas, settling unresolved issues early, reassessing political design and border conflict resolution processes, ensuring good governance, and genuine public participation were suggested to build lasting peace in the study areas.</p>

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The Nature and Drivers of Borderland Resource Conflicts in Ethiopia: The Case of Sidama and Oromia Regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Yokamo Yoye,
  • Dagne Shibru,
  • Yacob Cheka

摘要

This article examines contested borderland resources in the Sidama-Oromia regional states’ border areas and the drivers of conflicts. Based on relative deprivation, social identity, and instrumentalist theories of ethnicity, the study investigates how competition over resources, caused by different factors, fuels recurring conflicts along ethnically diverse regional borders. Employing a qualitative research approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Participants of the in-depth interview were selected using snowball sampling, while those of key informant interview and focus group discussion were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected from a total of 89 participants, and subsequently analyzed using narrative design. Findings of the study revealed that political, natural, and socio-economic resources were the major contested resources, while border issues, political design, insufficient conflict-handling mechanisms, poor governance, and conflict entrepreneurs were the major drivers of conflicts. Putting in place clear demarcation of contested border areas, settling unresolved issues early, reassessing political design and border conflict resolution processes, ensuring good governance, and genuine public participation were suggested to build lasting peace in the study areas.