Background <p>Chondrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm characterized by the production of a cartilaginous matrix.</p> Case Report <p>We present the case of a 58-year-old male patient referred to the maxillofacial surgery and traumatology service due to swelling in the posterior region of the right maxilla, with a duration of 8&#xa0;months, and a previous history of a fibro-osseous lesion in the region. Intraoral examination revealed a rounded lesion with ulceration, firm upon palpation, in the area of teeth 17 and 18. The panoramic radiograph revealed a radiopaque lesion with a flocculated pattern in the right maxilla, and computed tomography showed a hyperdense lesion containing hypodense areas. Histopathological analysis revealed the presence of immature cartilage, with rounded neoplastic cells, nuclei of varied sizes, and intense pleomorphism, leading to a diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. The patient underwent surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and, after one year of follow-up, has shown no signs of recurrence.</p> Conclusions <p>Although rare in gnathic bones, chondrosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of osseous enlargement in this region.</p>