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Objectives <p>The inclusion of the ROTAVAC<sup>®</sup> and ROTASIIL<sup>®</sup> vaccines into India’s Universal Immunization Program in 2016 and 2018, respectively, aimed to reduce the burden of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) due to rotavirus among children aged &lt; 5 y. This study evaluated the impact of the vaccines on rotavirus genotype distribution and prevalence between 2014 and 2023 in Odisha.</p> Methods <p>Clinical data and vaccination records of children aged &lt; 5 y with AGE enrolled across multiple tertiary centers in Odisha were collected through hospital-based surveillance. Stool samples were collected and tested for rotavirus antigen using enzyme immunoassay. Positive samples were genotyped using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.</p> Results <p>Of the 6,233 stool samples tested, 37.1% were positive for rotavirus. Positivity declined from 60.2% in 2014 to 23.3% in 2023, representing a 61.3% relative reduction. A significant shift in genotype prevalence was observed after vaccine introduction. G1P[8], the predominant strain in the prevaccine era (45.6%), decreased in prevalence and disappeared after 2018. G3P[8] emerged as a predominant strain during the postvaccination period, and G2P[4] resurged, representing 40.9% of cases in 2023. Mixed infections constituted 14.8% of samples, highlighting ongoing genetic diversity.</p> Conclusions <p>The introduction of rotavirus vaccines has reduced the prevalence of rotavirus infections and altered the rotavirus genotype distribution in Odisha. The predominance of G3P[8] and resurgence of G2P[4] indicate evolving strain dynamics after vaccine introduction. This study, thus, highlights the importance of vaccination programs in mitigating rotavirus-associated morbidity, emphasizing the need for sustained monitoring to guide future vaccine strategies.</p>

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Genotype Diversity of Rotavirus in Odisha, India: Postvaccine Changes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Prasantajyoti Mohanty,
  • Pravakar Mishra,
  • Subal Kumar Pradhan,
  • Lipsa Roul,
  • Rajib Kumar Ray,
  • Varsha Sudhir Chaudhary,
  • Namrata Kharat,
  • Anupama Machathi,
  • Tintu Varghese,
  • Ayyappan Vellathur Ramasamy

摘要

Objectives

The inclusion of the ROTAVAC® and ROTASIIL® vaccines into India’s Universal Immunization Program in 2016 and 2018, respectively, aimed to reduce the burden of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) due to rotavirus among children aged < 5 y. This study evaluated the impact of the vaccines on rotavirus genotype distribution and prevalence between 2014 and 2023 in Odisha.

Methods

Clinical data and vaccination records of children aged < 5 y with AGE enrolled across multiple tertiary centers in Odisha were collected through hospital-based surveillance. Stool samples were collected and tested for rotavirus antigen using enzyme immunoassay. Positive samples were genotyped using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Of the 6,233 stool samples tested, 37.1% were positive for rotavirus. Positivity declined from 60.2% in 2014 to 23.3% in 2023, representing a 61.3% relative reduction. A significant shift in genotype prevalence was observed after vaccine introduction. G1P[8], the predominant strain in the prevaccine era (45.6%), decreased in prevalence and disappeared after 2018. G3P[8] emerged as a predominant strain during the postvaccination period, and G2P[4] resurged, representing 40.9% of cases in 2023. Mixed infections constituted 14.8% of samples, highlighting ongoing genetic diversity.

Conclusions

The introduction of rotavirus vaccines has reduced the prevalence of rotavirus infections and altered the rotavirus genotype distribution in Odisha. The predominance of G3P[8] and resurgence of G2P[4] indicate evolving strain dynamics after vaccine introduction. This study, thus, highlights the importance of vaccination programs in mitigating rotavirus-associated morbidity, emphasizing the need for sustained monitoring to guide future vaccine strategies.