Throughout this paper, we explore the number of non-equivalent minimal codewords of linear codes derived from certain graphs. We propose a lower bound on the number of non-equivalent minimal codewords over \(\mathbb {F}_q\) associated with graphs of diameter 2. Beyond diameter 2, we also determine the number of non-equivalent minimal codewords over \(\mathbb {F}_q\) for graphs with arbitrary diameter. To achieve this, we study n-cycles and the row spaces generated by some rows from the generator matrix of linear codes. Primarily, our focus is on the number of non-equivalent minimal codewords, and we also provide precise construction methods for identifying minimal codewords in linear codes. To support our results, we present some examples in this work.
