In this paper, we investigate the algebraic structure for polycyclic codes over a specific class of serial rings, defined as \(\mathscr {R}=R[x_1,\ldots , x_s]/\langle t_1(x_1),\ldots , t_s(x_s) \rangle \) , where R is a chain ring and each \(t_i(x_i)\) in \(R[x_i]\) for \(i\in \{1,\ldots , s\}\) is a monic square-free polynomial. We define quasi-s-dimensional polycyclic codes and establish an R-isomorphism between these codes and polycyclic codes over \(\mathscr {R}\) . We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of annihilator self-dual, annihilator self-orthogonal, annihilator linear complementary dual, and annihilator dual-containing polycyclic codes over this class of rings. We also establish the CSS construction for annihilator dual-preserving polycyclic codes over the chain ring R and use this construction to derive quantum codes from polycyclic codes over \(\mathscr {R}\) .