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<p>Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is the second leading cause of death among gynecologic malignancies and exhibits marked histological and molecular heterogeneity. Advances in tumor biology and targeted therapies have increased the need for accurate biomarker characterization. This updated consensus by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and the Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP) reviews key morphological and molecular features for diagnosis and providing recommendations for biomarker assessment across major OC subtypes. The document addresses classical serum biomarkers, prognostic tools, and genomic alterations with therapeutic implications, including homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, mismatch repair status, as well as other established and emerging biomarkers. Emphasis is placed on optimal sample selection, validated techniques, and multidisciplinary integration is required to ensure diagnostic quality. These recommendations aim to optimize prognostic stratification and guide personalized treatment strategies, ultimately improving clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer.</p>

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Morphological and molecular characterization of epithelial ovarian cancer: SEOM-SEAP consensus guidelines for biomarker integration in clinical practice

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Gabriel Matheu,
  • María José Bermejo-Peréz,
  • Nuria Escudero-García,
  • Carmen Garcia-Duran,
  • Sonia Gatius-Caldero,
  • Eva Guerra-Alía,
  • Susana López-Agullo,
  • Ignacio Romero,
  • Geanella Yange,
  • Maria-Pilar Barretina-Ginesta

摘要

Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is the second leading cause of death among gynecologic malignancies and exhibits marked histological and molecular heterogeneity. Advances in tumor biology and targeted therapies have increased the need for accurate biomarker characterization. This updated consensus by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and the Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP) reviews key morphological and molecular features for diagnosis and providing recommendations for biomarker assessment across major OC subtypes. The document addresses classical serum biomarkers, prognostic tools, and genomic alterations with therapeutic implications, including homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, mismatch repair status, as well as other established and emerging biomarkers. Emphasis is placed on optimal sample selection, validated techniques, and multidisciplinary integration is required to ensure diagnostic quality. These recommendations aim to optimize prognostic stratification and guide personalized treatment strategies, ultimately improving clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer.