<p>The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinal tract, playing a critical role in the host. It produces many metabolites, such as bile acids, which play an important role in the metabolism of the host. One area of particular interest is its involvement in the development and treatment of cancer. Carcinogens, which are substances known to promote cancer formation and development, are present in various sources in our daily lives, including cigarettes, barbecues, and moldy foods. The types, amounts, and metabolism of carcinogens have been closely linked to cancer risk, underscoring the importance of understanding their interplay with the gut microbiota. Numerous studies have demonstrated significant differences in the composition and function of the gut microbiota in individuals with cancer compared to healthy individuals. The gut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence the metabolism of various carcinogens, thereby affecting cancer progression. While much attention has been paid to the relationship between the gut microbiota and cancer risk, the potential interplay between the gut microbiota and carcinogens has received less focus. This review aims to emphasize the importance of exploring the interplay between the gut microbiota with its metabolites and carcinogens in cancer development and therapy. By uncovering the mechanisms of the interplay, new approaches for cancer prevention and treatment can be developed.</p>