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<p>Strangles is a tremendously contagious and chronic infectious disease caused by <i>Streptococcus equi subspecies</i> <i>equi</i>. The disease compromises the respiratory health of horses and other equines, leading to decreased productivity. The time-consuming culture methods and similarity between <i>Streptococcus equi subspecies equi</i> and <i>Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus</i>, which can cause opportunistic infections in horses and severe infections in humans, complicate its diagnosis<i>.</i> In this study, we applied a multiplex real-time PCR assay on 45 <i>Streptococcus</i> isolates from India, aiming to detect <i>Streptococcus equi subspecies equi</i> and distinguish it from other <i>Streptococcus</i> species, including <i>Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus</i>. Multiplex real-time PCR using <i>eqbE</i> gene of <i>Streptococcus equi</i> <i>subspecies equi</i>&#xa0;accurately identified all culture-positive samples, yielding 100% sensitivity and specificity. In contrast, conventional PCR revealed a lower sensitivity of 94.1%. Both tests showed no false positives, indicating high specificity<i>.</i> The ability to swiftly identify and differentiate <i>Streptococcus equi subspecies equi</i> from other <i>Streptococcus</i> species facilitates targeted intervention strategies, ultimately aiding in the prevention and mitigation of this debilitating disease. The distribution underscores the necessity of strengthening surveillance, implementing early diagnosis protocols, and adopting targeted control strategies in the affected regions. This is the first report in India of a multiplex real-time PCR for comparative analysis of molecular diagnostic assays for the detection and differentiation of <i>Streptococcus equi subspecies equi</i> in Indian equines. It established a valuable precedent for future epidemiological surveillance and molecular diagnosis.</p>

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Multiplex Real Time PCR Assay Targeting the eqbE for Rapid Detection and Differentiation of Streptococcus equi from Other Streptococcus Species in Indian Equines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月15日

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  • Dharvi Chhabra,
  • Juhi Nagra,
  • Anju Manuja,
  • Rajesh Dahiya,
  • Minakshi Prasad,
  • Umesh Goutam,
  • Balvinder Kumar

摘要

Strangles is a tremendously contagious and chronic infectious disease caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. The disease compromises the respiratory health of horses and other equines, leading to decreased productivity. The time-consuming culture methods and similarity between Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, which can cause opportunistic infections in horses and severe infections in humans, complicate its diagnosis. In this study, we applied a multiplex real-time PCR assay on 45 Streptococcus isolates from India, aiming to detect Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and distinguish it from other Streptococcus species, including Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus. Multiplex real-time PCR using eqbE gene of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi accurately identified all culture-positive samples, yielding 100% sensitivity and specificity. In contrast, conventional PCR revealed a lower sensitivity of 94.1%. Both tests showed no false positives, indicating high specificity. The ability to swiftly identify and differentiate Streptococcus equi subspecies equi from other Streptococcus species facilitates targeted intervention strategies, ultimately aiding in the prevention and mitigation of this debilitating disease. The distribution underscores the necessity of strengthening surveillance, implementing early diagnosis protocols, and adopting targeted control strategies in the affected regions. This is the first report in India of a multiplex real-time PCR for comparative analysis of molecular diagnostic assays for the detection and differentiation of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in Indian equines. It established a valuable precedent for future epidemiological surveillance and molecular diagnosis.