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<p>Fungal infections represent a worldwide risk to the health of animals, humans, and wildlife. Among the pathogenic fungal strains, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> plays a key role in the onset of invasive aspergillosis (IA). Over a while, pathogenic fungi develop resistance to all licensed systemic antifungal drugs. The resistance development in fungal pathogens is attributed to the improper usage of drugs and the inference of the pathogen's cellular mechanisms. This concern could be resolved by the use of antifungal metabolites. Antifungal metabolites derived from <i>Aspergillus giganteus</i> are of profound interest in recent times due to their therapeutic potential. This particular antifungal protein (AFP) holds substantial promise in breaking the virulence mechanism in pathogenic fungi. In light of these circumstances, the study examined how AFP from <i>A</i>. <i>giganteus</i> affects <i>A. flavus</i>, the pathogen responsible for aspergillosis. The co-culturing technique firmly drew the potential of antifungal metabolites to counteract the effects of fungal agonists. A reduction of approximately 91% in the growth of pathogenic <i>A. flavus</i> treated with culture filtrates of antagonist fungi confirms the antagonistic effect of the culture filtrate metabolites on <i>A. flavus</i> viability and indicates that these metabolites are extracellular. The presence of shrunken and damaged spores in the SEM images of <i>A. flavus</i> treated with culture filtrates is evident in supporting its impact on the cellular membrane of the pathogenic bacteria. The MIC and MFC of culture filtrates were found to be 125&#xa0;μg/ml and 250&#xa0;μg/ml. Furthermore, the free radical scavenging activity of antifungal metabolites emphasizes its significant antioxidant potential. Finally, the findings of cytotoxicity studies confirmed the druggability of antifungal metabolites of <i>A. giganteus</i>. Thus, the study strongly endorses the antagonistic potential of AFP against <i>A. flavus</i>, suggesting that this metabolite could be developed into a novel treatment for invasive aspergillosis caused by <i>A. flavus</i>.</p>

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Unraveling the Therapeutic Potential of Antifungal Metabolites of Aspergillus giganteus on Human Fungal Pathogen

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月3日

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  • Karthiga Sivarajan,
  • Ramya Ravindhiran,
  • Jothi Nayaki Sekar,
  • Kavitha Dhandapani

摘要

Fungal infections represent a worldwide risk to the health of animals, humans, and wildlife. Among the pathogenic fungal strains, Aspergillus flavus plays a key role in the onset of invasive aspergillosis (IA). Over a while, pathogenic fungi develop resistance to all licensed systemic antifungal drugs. The resistance development in fungal pathogens is attributed to the improper usage of drugs and the inference of the pathogen's cellular mechanisms. This concern could be resolved by the use of antifungal metabolites. Antifungal metabolites derived from Aspergillus giganteus are of profound interest in recent times due to their therapeutic potential. This particular antifungal protein (AFP) holds substantial promise in breaking the virulence mechanism in pathogenic fungi. In light of these circumstances, the study examined how AFP from A. giganteus affects A. flavus, the pathogen responsible for aspergillosis. The co-culturing technique firmly drew the potential of antifungal metabolites to counteract the effects of fungal agonists. A reduction of approximately 91% in the growth of pathogenic A. flavus treated with culture filtrates of antagonist fungi confirms the antagonistic effect of the culture filtrate metabolites on A. flavus viability and indicates that these metabolites are extracellular. The presence of shrunken and damaged spores in the SEM images of A. flavus treated with culture filtrates is evident in supporting its impact on the cellular membrane of the pathogenic bacteria. The MIC and MFC of culture filtrates were found to be 125 μg/ml and 250 μg/ml. Furthermore, the free radical scavenging activity of antifungal metabolites emphasizes its significant antioxidant potential. Finally, the findings of cytotoxicity studies confirmed the druggability of antifungal metabolites of A. giganteus. Thus, the study strongly endorses the antagonistic potential of AFP against A. flavus, suggesting that this metabolite could be developed into a novel treatment for invasive aspergillosis caused by A. flavus.