Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Essential Oil, Fatty Acids and Bioactive Compounds of Beta vulgaris var. crassa (Fodder Beet)

Beta vulgaris var. crassa is undoubtedly a very important plant that is not used enough in the world. In this study, it was aimed to determine the cytotoxic activities of the components (essential oils, fatty acids, total phenol and flavonoid) found in the leaf parts of Beta vulgaris var. crassa against PC-3, MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cell lines. In addition, the effectiveness of these ingredients against bacteria and fungi that can cause serious health problems in humans was tested. In experiments, three tumor cell lines were exposed to various plant extract concentrations (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/mL) for 72 h. It was found that plant extracts showed high (SI: 2.14 > 2) cytotoxicity to PC-3 cells, moderate (SI: 1.62 < 2) to HeLa cells, and low (SI: 0.93 < 2) cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells. Also, different plant extract concentrations were found to cause an inhibition rate of 16.3–22.3% in Staphylococcus aureus, 16.8–23.5% in Streptococcus pyogenes and 12–16.2% in Cutibacterium acnes. Similarly, inhibition rates were determined between 9.5–20.7% for Candida albicans, 3.5–7.7% for Candida auris, and 5.5–15.1% for Candida glabrata. The results showed that the plant extract exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxic and antimicrobial effect against both cancer cell lines and microbial pathogens.