Nanobiotic Formulations utilizing Quinoline-based-Triazole functionalized Carbon Quantum Dots via Click Chemistry for Combatting Clinical-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens

Therapeutic options for preventing the trajectory of multi-drug resistance bacterial pathogens could rely on the effort to design a novel technique to develop a potent antimicrobial agent to counter the key issue. To curb the current outbreak, we synthesized first generation of antimicrobial amine-modified carbon quantum dots, CQDs–NH₂ as carbon precursors followed by hydrothermal carbonization of ethylenediamine/citric acid, and postmodified with propargyl alcohol (CQDs-1) and quinoline derivative; 8-hydroxy quinoline (CQDs-2) through Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The novel clicked 1,2,3-triazole functionalized CQDs–NH₂ templates, were evaluated against standard Gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Gram-negative; Escherichia coli (E. coli), MRSA, along with clinical-resistant diabetic foot PUS swab isolated bacterial pathogens by 96-well method as well as agar-well diffusion method, to unleased the potential antibacterial activity. 1,2,3-triazole functionalized CQDs–NH₂ template showed enhanced antibacterial activity against distinct bacterial strains, with minimum inhibitory concentration for standard bacteria, MRSA-bacteria, and clinical resistant bacterial pathogens in the range of 0.25–8, 64–128, and 128–256 μg mL⁻¹ respectively. This nanobiotic template displays good potential through the hybridization of 1,2,3-triazole with antibacterial pharmacophores CQDs–NH₂ and quinoline, to overcome drug resistance, reduce toxicity, and improve pharmacokinetic profiles. The findings of this study might have a favorable impact on antibiotic pharmacodynamics and, as a result, nanobiotic dosing regimens as well as clinical outcomes.