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<p>The advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has facilitated the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices across diverse sectors, including healthcare, agriculture, transportation, home, and power grids. However, the exponential growth of IoT device deployment has concomitantly amplified the vulnerability to various security threats. Specifically, sensitive cryptographic keys stored within these devices may be compromised by malicious actors, and firmware integrity can be undermined through diverse attack vectors. Consequently, robust hardware security mechanisms are imperative to ensure the operational safety and integrity of IoT systems. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) represent two prominent hardware-based security solutions. This survey paper focuses on the application of PUFs for enhancing the hardware security of IoT devices. We provide a comprehensive review of different PUF schemes, their reliability, and resilience against security attacks, and discuss the prevailing hardware security challenges, emerging threats, and potential future research directions. This paper reviews recent advancements and challenges, highlighting that prior research has demonstrated PUFs achieving uniqueness levels of up to 99.8% and reliability with error rates below 0.5% under typical IoT operating conditions.</p>

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A survey on lightweight hardware security using physically unclonable functions for IoT devices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Giriraj Sharma

摘要

The advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has facilitated the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices across diverse sectors, including healthcare, agriculture, transportation, home, and power grids. However, the exponential growth of IoT device deployment has concomitantly amplified the vulnerability to various security threats. Specifically, sensitive cryptographic keys stored within these devices may be compromised by malicious actors, and firmware integrity can be undermined through diverse attack vectors. Consequently, robust hardware security mechanisms are imperative to ensure the operational safety and integrity of IoT systems. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) represent two prominent hardware-based security solutions. This survey paper focuses on the application of PUFs for enhancing the hardware security of IoT devices. We provide a comprehensive review of different PUF schemes, their reliability, and resilience against security attacks, and discuss the prevailing hardware security challenges, emerging threats, and potential future research directions. This paper reviews recent advancements and challenges, highlighting that prior research has demonstrated PUFs achieving uniqueness levels of up to 99.8% and reliability with error rates below 0.5% under typical IoT operating conditions.