Security resource allocation in blockchain-based IoT

Edge computing helps alleviate the problem of limited computational resources in user devices (UDs), promoting the integration of blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT). However, improper allocation of computational resources can increase the risk of a 51% double-spend attack. Therefore, this paper explores the issue of resource allocation in blockchain-based IoT. Specifically, we consider practical factors such as propagation delay and mining rewards, and formalize the competition for computing resources among UDs as an evolutionary game, analyzing the evolutionary stability strategy (ESS). We predict the probability of a successful 51% double-spend attack and provide conditions for identifying high-risk and low-risk scenarios to alert 51% double-spend attack risks. Experimental simulation results validate the evolutionary stability of resource competition among UD groups and show the impact of various parameters on resource allocation and the probability of successful 51% double-spend attacks. Finally, recommendations and strategies for mitigating 51% double-spend attack risks are provided from three perspectives.