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<p>Blockchain is a distributed mechanism based on consensus process for storing the securing information. The traditional models used proof of work, proof of stake-based consensus mechanisms which affected the energy consumption and adaptability for the voting framework. Thus, the proposed study provided a secure and efficient voting system using blockchain and hybrid validation techniques. To store the data in block chain votes polled in polling stations are encrypted using a hybrid encryption method that is homomorphic assisted hash-based encryption (HAHE) approach. The polled votes are encrypted using paillier homomorphic encryption and converted to hash value, then the combined data is stored in the block chain by using smart contract. This preserves privacy, immutability and transparency. The security of stored data is verified using Validation based Elliptic curve with Symmetric Bilinear Pairing concept (VEcSBP). The usage of smart contracts eliminates the interventions of third-party in blockchain network transactions. Lastly more precise voting results are provided by using Hybrid Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance with Authority (HPBFTA) based approach. HPBFTA is the combination of practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus mechanism and enhanced proof of authority (EPoA) to certify that the vote is not altered or degraded. To further enhance the security of the proposed voting system, we implemented a Deep Learning-Based Threat Detection System utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Finally evaluated the performances by comparing with existing studies, the results achieved by proposed method is encryption time of 0.6025&#xa0;s and decryption time 0.0733&#xa0;s. The existing Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Homomorphic and Identity-Based Encryption (IBE) methods achieved encryption time is 0.67&#xa0;s, 0.69&#xa0;s, 0.63&#xa0;s, 0.73&#xa0;s and 0.65&#xa0;s, decryption time taken by existing methods are 0.094&#xa0;s, 0.10&#xa0;s, 0.10&#xa0;s, 0.48&#xa0;s and 0.25&#xa0;s respectively. The throughput obtained by proposed method is 64.3 Tps, existing methods are PoW-4.49Tps, PoS-24.85Tps, PSC-BC + sharding-62.05Tps. The delay obtained by proposed method is 1.29&#xa0;ms, existing methods are PoW-59.52&#xa0;s, PoS-10.67&#xa0;s, PSC-BC + sharding-25.55&#xa0;s. The processing time taken by proposed method is 37.19&#xa0;ms, existing methods are e-voting without access control is 146.28&#xa0;ms, e-voting with Discretionary Access Control (DAC) is 109.09&#xa0;ms and SC-BC is 58.68&#xa0;ms.</p>

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An efficient and secured voting system using blockchain and hybrid validation technique with deep learning

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月14日

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  • M. Elhoseny,
  • Hashem Alyami,
  • Majid Altuwairiqi,
  • Papiya Dutta,
  • Bala Dhandayuthapani Veerasamy,
  • Piyush Kumar Shukla

摘要

Blockchain is a distributed mechanism based on consensus process for storing the securing information. The traditional models used proof of work, proof of stake-based consensus mechanisms which affected the energy consumption and adaptability for the voting framework. Thus, the proposed study provided a secure and efficient voting system using blockchain and hybrid validation techniques. To store the data in block chain votes polled in polling stations are encrypted using a hybrid encryption method that is homomorphic assisted hash-based encryption (HAHE) approach. The polled votes are encrypted using paillier homomorphic encryption and converted to hash value, then the combined data is stored in the block chain by using smart contract. This preserves privacy, immutability and transparency. The security of stored data is verified using Validation based Elliptic curve with Symmetric Bilinear Pairing concept (VEcSBP). The usage of smart contracts eliminates the interventions of third-party in blockchain network transactions. Lastly more precise voting results are provided by using Hybrid Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance with Authority (HPBFTA) based approach. HPBFTA is the combination of practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus mechanism and enhanced proof of authority (EPoA) to certify that the vote is not altered or degraded. To further enhance the security of the proposed voting system, we implemented a Deep Learning-Based Threat Detection System utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Finally evaluated the performances by comparing with existing studies, the results achieved by proposed method is encryption time of 0.6025 s and decryption time 0.0733 s. The existing Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Homomorphic and Identity-Based Encryption (IBE) methods achieved encryption time is 0.67 s, 0.69 s, 0.63 s, 0.73 s and 0.65 s, decryption time taken by existing methods are 0.094 s, 0.10 s, 0.10 s, 0.48 s and 0.25 s respectively. The throughput obtained by proposed method is 64.3 Tps, existing methods are PoW-4.49Tps, PoS-24.85Tps, PSC-BC + sharding-62.05Tps. The delay obtained by proposed method is 1.29 ms, existing methods are PoW-59.52 s, PoS-10.67 s, PSC-BC + sharding-25.55 s. The processing time taken by proposed method is 37.19 ms, existing methods are e-voting without access control is 146.28 ms, e-voting with Discretionary Access Control (DAC) is 109.09 ms and SC-BC is 58.68 ms.