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Abstract <p>Sore throat, cough, and hoarseness are common complications after general anesthesia, affecting about 40–50% of patients within 2–6&#xa0;h and possibly lasting up to 96&#xa0;h. Various strategies have been proposed to reduce these side effects. This study aimed to assess whether softening the endotracheal tube with warm normal saline affects the incidence of sore throat and hoarseness after tracheal intubation. This study is a randomized clinical trial. Patients who met the inclusion criteria and were undergoing general anesthesia were enrolled. The control group received standard tube intubation, while the intervention group was intubated with a tube softened using warm saline. Patients were evaluated for sore throat and hoarseness at 2, 12, and 24&#xa0;h after surgery. Evaluations were performed by a nurse who was blinded to group assignment.&#xa0;The incidence of sore throat after recovery was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group immediately after recovery. No significant differences were observed at 2, 12, or 24&#xa0;h postoperatively. Hoarseness was significantly reduced in the intervention group immediately after recovery and at 2&#xa0;h, while no significant differences were noted at 12 and 24&#xa0;h.&#xa0;Warming the endotracheal tube before intubation appears to be a simple and effective method for reducing postoperative sore throat and hoarseness, particularly during the early recovery period.</p>

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The Impact of Endotracheal Tube Warming Before Intubation on Postoperative Sore Throat and Hoarseness: A Clinical Trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Afshin Gholipour Baradari,
  • Sahar Besharatdeh,
  • Alieh Zamani Kiasari,
  • Seyyed Javad Boskabadi,
  • Yousef Ashoori,
  • Fatemeh Heydari

摘要

Abstract

Sore throat, cough, and hoarseness are common complications after general anesthesia, affecting about 40–50% of patients within 2–6 h and possibly lasting up to 96 h. Various strategies have been proposed to reduce these side effects. This study aimed to assess whether softening the endotracheal tube with warm normal saline affects the incidence of sore throat and hoarseness after tracheal intubation. This study is a randomized clinical trial. Patients who met the inclusion criteria and were undergoing general anesthesia were enrolled. The control group received standard tube intubation, while the intervention group was intubated with a tube softened using warm saline. Patients were evaluated for sore throat and hoarseness at 2, 12, and 24 h after surgery. Evaluations were performed by a nurse who was blinded to group assignment. The incidence of sore throat after recovery was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group immediately after recovery. No significant differences were observed at 2, 12, or 24 h postoperatively. Hoarseness was significantly reduced in the intervention group immediately after recovery and at 2 h, while no significant differences were noted at 12 and 24 h. Warming the endotracheal tube before intubation appears to be a simple and effective method for reducing postoperative sore throat and hoarseness, particularly during the early recovery period.