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<p>Diffuse autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Graves’ disease and autoimmune thyroiditis commonly exhibit overlapping clinical and biochemical parameters and making differentiation challenging. Inferior thyroid artery (ITA) Doppler study is a good easily accessible non-invasive tool in evaluating thyroid gland vascularity and hemodynamics.&#xa0;The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of ITA Doppler sonography in assessing and differentiating diffuse thyroid diseases of autoimmune thyroiditis from Graves’ disease and correlating with thyroid function tests and autoimmune markers.&#xa0;The prospective cross-sectional study included adult patients with clinically suspected diffuse thyroid disease. All subject underwent B-mode Ultrasonography and Color Doppler evaluation with measurement of left ITA parameters, like PSV, EDV and RI. These were correlated with thyroid function tests and autoimmune markers.&#xa0;In 85 patients (mean age 36 ± 11.8 years; 84.7% female), thyroiditis detected in 62(72.9%) patients and Graves’ disease in 23 (27.1%) patients. Most glands exhibited enlargement on Ultrasound, predominant parenchymal heterogeneity observed 60 (70.6%), and hypoechogenicity 25 (29.4%) patients. Thyroiditis exhibited markedly elevated TGA levels compared to Graves’ disease (114 vs. 78 IU/mL, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). TGA showed very good diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.983; cutoff 94 IU/mL: 96.8% sensitivity, 91.3% specificity). TGA exhibited a negative correlation with ITA PSV/EDV and a positive correlation with RI, thereby endorsing its combined diagnostic utility.&#xa0;ITA Doppler ultrasonography is a dependable and non-invasive technique that improves diagnostic precision in distinguishing diffuse thyroid disorders. Combining Doppler parameters with biochemical markers helps in improving diagnostic confidence which helps in management of such diffuse thyroid disorders.</p>

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Inferior Thyroidal Artery (ITA) Color Doppler Evaluation in Diffuse Autoimmune Thyroidal Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Deb K. Boruah,
  • Hanifa Akhtar,
  • Pranjal Phukan,
  • Kalyan Sarma,
  • Prince Das,
  • Neizekhotuo B. Shunyu,
  • Md Jamil,
  • Pakesh Baishya,
  • Anomitro Chakrabarty,
  • Harshit Jain

摘要

Diffuse autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Graves’ disease and autoimmune thyroiditis commonly exhibit overlapping clinical and biochemical parameters and making differentiation challenging. Inferior thyroid artery (ITA) Doppler study is a good easily accessible non-invasive tool in evaluating thyroid gland vascularity and hemodynamics. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of ITA Doppler sonography in assessing and differentiating diffuse thyroid diseases of autoimmune thyroiditis from Graves’ disease and correlating with thyroid function tests and autoimmune markers. The prospective cross-sectional study included adult patients with clinically suspected diffuse thyroid disease. All subject underwent B-mode Ultrasonography and Color Doppler evaluation with measurement of left ITA parameters, like PSV, EDV and RI. These were correlated with thyroid function tests and autoimmune markers. In 85 patients (mean age 36 ± 11.8 years; 84.7% female), thyroiditis detected in 62(72.9%) patients and Graves’ disease in 23 (27.1%) patients. Most glands exhibited enlargement on Ultrasound, predominant parenchymal heterogeneity observed 60 (70.6%), and hypoechogenicity 25 (29.4%) patients. Thyroiditis exhibited markedly elevated TGA levels compared to Graves’ disease (114 vs. 78 IU/mL, p < 0.001). TGA showed very good diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.983; cutoff 94 IU/mL: 96.8% sensitivity, 91.3% specificity). TGA exhibited a negative correlation with ITA PSV/EDV and a positive correlation with RI, thereby endorsing its combined diagnostic utility. ITA Doppler ultrasonography is a dependable and non-invasive technique that improves diagnostic precision in distinguishing diffuse thyroid disorders. Combining Doppler parameters with biochemical markers helps in improving diagnostic confidence which helps in management of such diffuse thyroid disorders.