<p>India has recently witnessed a surge in mumps cases, predominantly among children, raising significant public health concern. Mumps, a viral illness caused by rubulavirus, commonly presents with fever, fatigue, and parotid gland swelling. Though often self-limiting, it can result in complications such as orchitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and irreversible, unilateral hearing loss—most notably in unvaccinated children. The absence of mumps in India’s Universal Immunization Programme limits vaccine access. Post-COVID-19 disruptions, poor coverage, overcrowding, and inadequate sanitation are contributing factors. This study evaluates the clinical features, disease progression, and complications of mumps, with a focus on its link to hearing loss. A prospective, hospital-based study was conducted in the ENT department of a multispecialty hospital in Delhi over 10 months (September 2023–June 2024), involving 184 patients. Participants included individuals presenting with salivary gland swelling or sudden hearing loss linked to mumps-like illness. Inclusion criteria were IgG positivity and informed consent. Detailed clinical history, physical examination, and follow-up assessments were performed. Of the 184 patients, 56% were male and 44% female, with 40% aged between 6 and 12 years. Parotid swelling and prodromal symptoms were prevalent across all age groups. Hearing loss emerged as the most frequent complication, especially in children. No complications were observed in patients over 45. Mumps continues to pose a threat in under-vaccinated populations, with hearing loss as a significant complication. Expanding vaccine coverage and maintaining active surveillance are crucial to mitigating outbreaks and informing public health interventions.</p>