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Introduction <p>Cervical stoma complications, particularly tracheotomy and laryngectomy-related issues, represent a significant challenge in emergency departments. Prompt identification of the stoma type and differentiated management are essential for safe and effective care.</p> Objective <p>To analyze and compare, through a systematic literature review, the main complications associated with tracheotomy and laryngectomy in patients treated in emergency settings.</p> Methods <p>A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL from 2011 to 2025. Studies in adult patients, published in English or Spanish, were included if they addressed postoperative complications related to tracheal stomas in emergency care. Selection involved inclusion/exclusion criteria, filtering, and methodological appraisal using CASPe and SIGN tools.</p> Results <p>Sixteen studies were included. In tracheotomy cases, common complications included accidental decannulation, mucus plugging, infections, cannula displacement, and bleeding. In laryngectomized patients, pharyngocutaneous fistulas, stoma stenosis, and neck infections were more frequent. Failure to identify the correct stoma type was associated with severe adverse events. Anatomical and functional differences justify a differentiated emergency approach.</p> Conclusions <p>Managing emergencies in patients with cervical stomas requires accurate identification of the surgical intervention. Specific staff training, implementation of tailored protocols, and the use of visual tools may improve patient safety and clinical outcomes.</p>

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Differential Emergency Management of Cervical Stomas: A Systematic Review of Tracheostomy and Laryngectomy Complications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Alba Martínez-Seguí,
  • Tomàs Pérez-Carbonell,
  • Álvaro Jiménez-García,
  • Silvia Matarredona-Quiles,
  • Ignacio Pla-Gil,
  • Jaime Marco-Algarra

摘要

Introduction

Cervical stoma complications, particularly tracheotomy and laryngectomy-related issues, represent a significant challenge in emergency departments. Prompt identification of the stoma type and differentiated management are essential for safe and effective care.

Objective

To analyze and compare, through a systematic literature review, the main complications associated with tracheotomy and laryngectomy in patients treated in emergency settings.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL from 2011 to 2025. Studies in adult patients, published in English or Spanish, were included if they addressed postoperative complications related to tracheal stomas in emergency care. Selection involved inclusion/exclusion criteria, filtering, and methodological appraisal using CASPe and SIGN tools.

Results

Sixteen studies were included. In tracheotomy cases, common complications included accidental decannulation, mucus plugging, infections, cannula displacement, and bleeding. In laryngectomized patients, pharyngocutaneous fistulas, stoma stenosis, and neck infections were more frequent. Failure to identify the correct stoma type was associated with severe adverse events. Anatomical and functional differences justify a differentiated emergency approach.

Conclusions

Managing emergencies in patients with cervical stomas requires accurate identification of the surgical intervention. Specific staff training, implementation of tailored protocols, and the use of visual tools may improve patient safety and clinical outcomes.