<p>Longus colli calcific tendinitis is an inflammatory disease caused by deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals by the cervical vertebrae. The authors completed a systematic review of this entity and report on three additional illustrative cases, not included in the pooled analysis. Data Sources: PubMED, and Scopus was searched in accordance with a librarian-designed strategy from 2000-2024. Selection Criteria: Inclusion criteria consisted of series and case reports of adult patients with longus colli calcific tendinitis. Of the 106 articles included, 51% of patients were male and the mean age was 46.39 years. The most prevalent symptoms included neck pain / cervicalgia (96%), limited cervical range of motion (83%), and odynophagia (61%). The mean leukocyte level was 10.61 u/mm³ (SD 2.58 u/mm³) and mean CRP level was 4.29&#xa0;mg/dL (SD 3.87&#xa0;mg/L). Calcifications were present in 96% of cases and prevertebral effusions in 89%. The main treatment options were NSAIDs (81%); antibiotics (4%) and surgical interventions (2%) were used inappropriately in some cases due to misdiagnosis. Calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle presents with neck pain, limitedcervical range of motion, and odynophagia. CT scans of the neck can help differentiate it from other conditions, such as deep neck space infections. Anti-inflammatory drugs are effective in treating symptoms, and other invasive interventions such as surgery are not indicated. Our findings highlight the importance of considering this entity in the differential diagnosis to reduce unnecessary tests and interventions. We also present three illustrative institutional cases that reinforce common diagnostic challenges.</p>