Description of Clinical Facial Analysis of Down Syndrome Patients Using Rhinobase Software: An Anthropometric Study

Introduction: Patients with Down syndrome have distinctive facial characteristics. Physical abnormalities that have many similarities make people with Down syndrome very similar to each other. This study aimed to determine the clinical facial analysis of patients with Down syndrome using Rhinobase Software. Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted on patients with Down syndrome aged 10–29 years who met the criteria. Data were obtained through history taking, general facial physical examination and ENT-HN examination. Facial analysis using Rhinobase software. Result: The results obtained were analyzed using the SPSS program. The average age of the sample was 17.7 ± 4.8 years with 73% of the sample being male. In the vertical facial assessment, the proportion of LFH > UFH > MFH was obtained. In the horizontal face assessment, 96% of the samples have En-En < Al-Al ratios. The proportion of the lower face height of people with Down syndrome to the whole face is greater than the proportion of the upper and middle height of the face. Conclusion: The value of the intercanthal distance is greater than the mean ideal intercanthal distance, and the highest proportion was the intercanthal distance which was smaller than the width of the ala nasi.