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<p>Japan’s 2021 senior employment policy reform, which requires companies to retain older workers until the standard pension age (SPA), provides important insights for aging societies. Survey data from male workers aged 50–64 years indicate two critical patterns. First, older workers express a strong preference for full-time employment, highlighting the inadequacy of current part-time and flexible work arrangements in ensuring stability. Second, outsourcing contracts, while offering flexibility, are associated with income instability and reduced postretirement consumption. Although the reform has expanded employment opportunities, it has yet to fully address the challenge of ensuring stable and adaptable work. Policymakers should consider prioritizing employment models that enhance financial security and help mitigate labor shortages. Japan’s experience underscores the broader relevance of employment policy design for societies facing rapid population aging.</p>

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Workforce Participation and Economic Security: Insights from Japan’s Aging Society

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Yoshimi Adachi,
  • Tomoki Kitamura

摘要

Japan’s 2021 senior employment policy reform, which requires companies to retain older workers until the standard pension age (SPA), provides important insights for aging societies. Survey data from male workers aged 50–64 years indicate two critical patterns. First, older workers express a strong preference for full-time employment, highlighting the inadequacy of current part-time and flexible work arrangements in ensuring stability. Second, outsourcing contracts, while offering flexibility, are associated with income instability and reduced postretirement consumption. Although the reform has expanded employment opportunities, it has yet to fully address the challenge of ensuring stable and adaptable work. Policymakers should consider prioritizing employment models that enhance financial security and help mitigate labor shortages. Japan’s experience underscores the broader relevance of employment policy design for societies facing rapid population aging.