<p>The separation between workplaces and residences has led to prolonged commutes, exacerbating traffic congestion and carbon emissions in Chinese cities. While existing studies have applied the 5D framework—Density, Diversity, Design, Destination Accessibility, and Distance to Transit—to examine the built environment’s role in commuting behavior, few have incorporated daily weather conditions or explored interaction effects with socioeconomic factors. This study addresses these gaps by investigating how built environments around workplaces and residences influence commuting modes within the Chinese context, with particular attention to weather and individual attributes. Using travel data collected via the Daynamica app, we applied factor analysis to condense 5D indicators into two composite measures: Density-Diversity (DenDiv) and Facility Accessibility (FA). A nested logit model was then employed to analyze six commuting modes, including interactions among the built environment, weather conditions, and individual characteristics. Results indicate that higher DenDiv and better FA at both locations significantly reduce bus usage. Increased DenDiv at both locations promotes bicycle commuting and discourages e-bike use. Improved FA near residences encourages subway commuting, whereas FA near workplaces suppresses it. Weather conditions—especially rainfall—also significantly alter mode preferences, reinforcing public transport use while deterring cycling. Interaction analyses further reveal that built environment effects vary across income, age, and health groups. These findings underscore the need for spatially differentiated planning strategies that integrate meteorological factors to promote sustainable commuting.</p>