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<p>Amid accelerating urbanization and the rise of the “15-minute city” concept, spatial equity of neighborhood facilities is critical for sustainable governance. Existing studies often focus on single facility types and inter-group disparities, overlooking multi-facility inequalities, intra-group heterogeneity, and the social construction of accessibility. Taking Zhengzhou, a megacity in Central China, as a case study, this research integrates point of interest and resident survey data within the “15-minute city” framework. Urban network analysis, together with Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients, is applied to evaluate multi-dimensional inequalities across spatial regions, facility categories, social groups, and between objective accessibility and subjective satisfaction. Meanwhile, a social–spatial analytical framework is constructed, and the Geodetector method is employed to identify key determinants and their nonlinear interactions. Neighborhood facility accessibility follows a core–periphery pattern, with higher accessibility in the core than in the periphery. Objective inequalities generally exceed residents’ satisfaction, reflecting expectation gaps and adaptive behaviors. Intra-group disparities are notable: males, migrants, renters, and high-income groups show greater overall inequality; married residents face more unequal education access, while singles experience greater healthcare disparities, highlighting the limits of average indicators. Accessibility is primarily driven by the built environment and socio-cultural factors, with facility-specific variations: education by student numbers, recreation and commercial facilities by economic conditions, and transport facility by population distribution. Nonlinear interactions with socio-cultural factors further amplify these effects. The social–spatial interaction framework advances understanding of mechanisms shaping neighborhood facility equity and offers insights for more inclusive urban governance.</p>

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Multi-Dimensional Inequalities and Determinants of Neighborhood Facility Accessibility Under the 15-Minute City Framework

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • li Yue,
  • Fangfang Xu,
  • Hongbo Zhao,
  • Mengyao Yue

摘要

Amid accelerating urbanization and the rise of the “15-minute city” concept, spatial equity of neighborhood facilities is critical for sustainable governance. Existing studies often focus on single facility types and inter-group disparities, overlooking multi-facility inequalities, intra-group heterogeneity, and the social construction of accessibility. Taking Zhengzhou, a megacity in Central China, as a case study, this research integrates point of interest and resident survey data within the “15-minute city” framework. Urban network analysis, together with Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients, is applied to evaluate multi-dimensional inequalities across spatial regions, facility categories, social groups, and between objective accessibility and subjective satisfaction. Meanwhile, a social–spatial analytical framework is constructed, and the Geodetector method is employed to identify key determinants and their nonlinear interactions. Neighborhood facility accessibility follows a core–periphery pattern, with higher accessibility in the core than in the periphery. Objective inequalities generally exceed residents’ satisfaction, reflecting expectation gaps and adaptive behaviors. Intra-group disparities are notable: males, migrants, renters, and high-income groups show greater overall inequality; married residents face more unequal education access, while singles experience greater healthcare disparities, highlighting the limits of average indicators. Accessibility is primarily driven by the built environment and socio-cultural factors, with facility-specific variations: education by student numbers, recreation and commercial facilities by economic conditions, and transport facility by population distribution. Nonlinear interactions with socio-cultural factors further amplify these effects. The social–spatial interaction framework advances understanding of mechanisms shaping neighborhood facility equity and offers insights for more inclusive urban governance.