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<p>The article highlights moral courage by contrasting it with an ancient concept: parrhesia. Parrhesia is a&#xa0;form of speech act that is rhetorically informal, unorthodox, and therefore requires courage. It is described in the tradition of rhetoric. Most recently the historian of knowledge and power Michel Foucault discussed parrhesiastic ‘scenes’ in a&#xa0;systematic manner, as part of a&#xa0;history of criticism. The aim of the following article is to highlight conceptual and phenomenal differences between the (modern) model of civil courage and (ancient) parrhesia. This, however, allows us to argue for a&#xa0;cautious expansion of today’s prevailing ideas of civil courageous action.</p>

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Mut fassen, im Namen der Wahrheit das Wort zu ergreifen

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Petra Gehring

摘要

The article highlights moral courage by contrasting it with an ancient concept: parrhesia. Parrhesia is a form of speech act that is rhetorically informal, unorthodox, and therefore requires courage. It is described in the tradition of rhetoric. Most recently the historian of knowledge and power Michel Foucault discussed parrhesiastic ‘scenes’ in a systematic manner, as part of a history of criticism. The aim of the following article is to highlight conceptual and phenomenal differences between the (modern) model of civil courage and (ancient) parrhesia. This, however, allows us to argue for a cautious expansion of today’s prevailing ideas of civil courageous action.