<p>Energy poverty is a significant challenge facing sustainable human development. As the world’s largest developing country, China is confronted with particularly acute energy challenges. With the advancement of technology and the transformation of the financial sector, digital inclusive finance, as a new financial model, offers new possibilities for alleviating energy poverty. Consequently, digital inclusive finance has become vital in China’s efforts to mitigate energy poverty. Using balanced panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2022, this paper theoretically analyzes and empirically tests whether digital inclusive finance can mitigate energy poverty and explores possible mechanisms of impact. The findings reveal that: (1) Digital inclusive finance can alleviate energy poverty, a conclusion that holds even after a series of robustness checks and handling endogeneity. (2) From a mechanistic perspective, digital inclusive finance reduces energy poverty by enhancing environmental regulation, narrowing the urban–rural income gap, promoting industrial structure optimization, and boosting technological innovation. (3) Regional examination shows that digital inclusive finance primarily mitigates energy poverty in the eastern and central regions. (4) Further studies indicate that the breadth of coverage, depth of use, and degree of digitization of digital inclusive finance all contribute to alleviating energy poverty.</p>