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<p>Magnetorheological (MR) actuators are smart devices that use MR fluid (MRF) as a working medium. The magnetic-field-dependent viscosity of MRF increases the operating range of the MR actuators. Design iterations and performance predictions are always handy when using numerical simulations. The MR actuator’s numerical simulation involves coupling two different physics: magneto-dynamics, which includes solving Maxwell's, Faraday's, and related equations, and fluid dynamics, which involves solving the Navier–Stokes equations. The definition of yield stress is the coupling parameter in simulations. The coupling between the two physics is usually carried out with the help of MRF’s rheological property (i.e., yield stress)—defined by a polynomial equation in terms of magnetic flux density. The polynomial equation is usually derived from experimental data using the magneto rheometer. However, this method forces the designer to use standard, commercially available MRFs with available rheological data. In the present work, an MR actuator mimicking the double-rod MR damper is designed using finite element method magnetics (FEMM) and phenomenological equations. Later, the geometry of the MR actuator is simulated for its multiphysics performance in COMSOL. The yield stress of MRF is defined using a novel phenomenological model––in contrast to the polynomial equation typically used––to couple the magnetic and fluid domains. The MR actuator is simulated for the simple harmonic excitations. The excitation frequency and amplitude are maintained at 1 Hz and 5 mm, respectively, for all simulations. The static magnetic field and dynamic flow field characteristics, i.e., flow velocity, pressure, and dynamic viscosity, of the proposed MR actuator under multiphysics coupling are discussed in detail. The force-displacement characteristic curves are obtained through experiments for the MR force actuator at different current inputs. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, it is found that the double-rod MR actuator with twin coils of 190 turns and 5 mm in length each, at a current of 0.3 A, produces a force of 56 N, which is typically sufficient for the actuators.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Phenomenological model-based multiphysics simulation on performance of magnetorheological force actuator

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Hiren Prajapati,
  • Siddharth Tripathi,
  • Absar Lakdawala

摘要

Magnetorheological (MR) actuators are smart devices that use MR fluid (MRF) as a working medium. The magnetic-field-dependent viscosity of MRF increases the operating range of the MR actuators. Design iterations and performance predictions are always handy when using numerical simulations. The MR actuator’s numerical simulation involves coupling two different physics: magneto-dynamics, which includes solving Maxwell's, Faraday's, and related equations, and fluid dynamics, which involves solving the Navier–Stokes equations. The definition of yield stress is the coupling parameter in simulations. The coupling between the two physics is usually carried out with the help of MRF’s rheological property (i.e., yield stress)—defined by a polynomial equation in terms of magnetic flux density. The polynomial equation is usually derived from experimental data using the magneto rheometer. However, this method forces the designer to use standard, commercially available MRFs with available rheological data. In the present work, an MR actuator mimicking the double-rod MR damper is designed using finite element method magnetics (FEMM) and phenomenological equations. Later, the geometry of the MR actuator is simulated for its multiphysics performance in COMSOL. The yield stress of MRF is defined using a novel phenomenological model––in contrast to the polynomial equation typically used––to couple the magnetic and fluid domains. The MR actuator is simulated for the simple harmonic excitations. The excitation frequency and amplitude are maintained at 1 Hz and 5 mm, respectively, for all simulations. The static magnetic field and dynamic flow field characteristics, i.e., flow velocity, pressure, and dynamic viscosity, of the proposed MR actuator under multiphysics coupling are discussed in detail. The force-displacement characteristic curves are obtained through experiments for the MR force actuator at different current inputs. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, it is found that the double-rod MR actuator with twin coils of 190 turns and 5 mm in length each, at a current of 0.3 A, produces a force of 56 N, which is typically sufficient for the actuators.

Graphical abstract