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<p>Laminar convective heat transfer behavior of a molten salt mixture (60–40 wt% NaNO<sub>3</sub>–KNO<sub>3</sub>) flowing through circular pipes in both horizontal and vertical orientations for surface heat flux conditions is investigated in this paper. Emphasizing the influence of buoyancy effects, the experimental work explores the interplay between forced and natural convection mechanisms under laminar flow conditions. While prior research has largely focused on high Reynolds number or purely natural convection regimes in molten salts, this study addresses the lack of understanding of laminar mixed convection behavior, particularly under varying pipe orientations. A comparative analysis of the Nusselt number reveals significant orientation-dependent differences, offering insights into thermal boundary-layer development and gravity-driven heat-transfer enhancement or suppression. An improved empirical correlation is proposed to better predict the heat transfer coefficient in the laminar flow regime, supporting the optimal design of molten salt-based high-temperature thermal systems.</p>

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Experimental investigation of laminar heat transfer in molten salt flow through horizontal and vertical pipes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Abhishek Kumar Srivastava

摘要

Laminar convective heat transfer behavior of a molten salt mixture (60–40 wt% NaNO3–KNO3) flowing through circular pipes in both horizontal and vertical orientations for surface heat flux conditions is investigated in this paper. Emphasizing the influence of buoyancy effects, the experimental work explores the interplay between forced and natural convection mechanisms under laminar flow conditions. While prior research has largely focused on high Reynolds number or purely natural convection regimes in molten salts, this study addresses the lack of understanding of laminar mixed convection behavior, particularly under varying pipe orientations. A comparative analysis of the Nusselt number reveals significant orientation-dependent differences, offering insights into thermal boundary-layer development and gravity-driven heat-transfer enhancement or suppression. An improved empirical correlation is proposed to better predict the heat transfer coefficient in the laminar flow regime, supporting the optimal design of molten salt-based high-temperature thermal systems.