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<p>The article demonstrates a notable gain enhancement in a compact hybrid reconfigurable antenna achieved through the integration of an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), which improves forward radiation and suppresses surface waves. The antenna employs a semi-circular patch geometry coupled with a ground plane featuring inverted L-shaped stubs and an AMC reflector, forming a hybrid reconfigurable structure. Functionally, the design incorporates two PIN diodes in the upper layer for frequency reconfiguration and two diodes in the lower layer for pattern reconfiguration, enabling versatile operational characteristics. This configuration results in a gain improvement of approximately 2–3 dBi at the resonant frequencies of 3.55 and 3.75 GHz. Additionally, when the upper layer diodes are activated, the antenna achieves a broad bandwidth of 260 MHz, effectively covering the sub-6 GHz 5G spectrum from 3.4 to 3.6 GHz, and when deactivated, the bandwidth spans 3.6 to 3.8 GHz. The hybrid reconfigurable design thus proves highly suitable for 5G sub-6 GHz IoT applications, providing both frequency agility and enhanced radiation performance. The proposed configuration has been successfully fabricated, and both experimental measurements and numerical simulations exhibit a strong correlation, validating the effectiveness and reliability of the design for practical deployment in modern wireless communication systems.</p>

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Gain enhancement of compact hybrid sub-6 GHz reconfigurable antenna using AMC for 5G IoT implementation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Manpreet Kaur,
  • Hari Shankar Singh,
  • Mayank Agarwal

摘要

The article demonstrates a notable gain enhancement in a compact hybrid reconfigurable antenna achieved through the integration of an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), which improves forward radiation and suppresses surface waves. The antenna employs a semi-circular patch geometry coupled with a ground plane featuring inverted L-shaped stubs and an AMC reflector, forming a hybrid reconfigurable structure. Functionally, the design incorporates two PIN diodes in the upper layer for frequency reconfiguration and two diodes in the lower layer for pattern reconfiguration, enabling versatile operational characteristics. This configuration results in a gain improvement of approximately 2–3 dBi at the resonant frequencies of 3.55 and 3.75 GHz. Additionally, when the upper layer diodes are activated, the antenna achieves a broad bandwidth of 260 MHz, effectively covering the sub-6 GHz 5G spectrum from 3.4 to 3.6 GHz, and when deactivated, the bandwidth spans 3.6 to 3.8 GHz. The hybrid reconfigurable design thus proves highly suitable for 5G sub-6 GHz IoT applications, providing both frequency agility and enhanced radiation performance. The proposed configuration has been successfully fabricated, and both experimental measurements and numerical simulations exhibit a strong correlation, validating the effectiveness and reliability of the design for practical deployment in modern wireless communication systems.