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<p>There is a growing concern about the problem of e-waste, and more specifically, the issue of Waste-printed circuit boards (WPCBs), which comprise 4–7% of the total mass of e-waste. In managing e-waste, using indigenous microorganisms in biological processes is preferred over physico-chemical processes due to their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. In the present study, indigenous alkaliphilic <i>Bacillus</i> sp. SDG5 was isolated, identified, analysed and used for the bioremoval of metals from WPCBs by following a two-step bioremoval process with varying WPCB concentrations. The negative and positive controls were maintained during the bioremoval experiments. The bioremoval of metals was deciphered and analysed by using SEM-EDX, FTIR and ICP-OES spectrometry. The presence of organic acids in the <i>Bacillus</i> primary metabolites was established by FTIR analysis, that are necessary for organic acid-forming conditions to achieve maximum mobilisation of metals. The ICP-OES analysis revealed bioremoval of Al (99.99%), Zn (99.28%), Fe (96.18%) and Cu (91.48%) in 30&#xa0;days with WPCB concentration of 1&#xa0;gm/ml by <i>Bacillus</i> sp. SDG5. These findings confirmed the display of morphological changes by the accumulation of metals by <i>Bacillus</i> sp. SDG5 using SEM-EDX analysis. Thus, the study exhibited the potential of the isolated indigenous <i>Bacillus</i> strain in the bioremoval of metals from WPCBs, and the utility of bioprocess in achieving a sustainable circular economy.</p>

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Bioremoval of Al, Zn, Cu and Fe from waste-printed circuit boards using isolated alkaliphilic Bacillus bacterial strain from red mud

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Shailu Dalal Guin,
  • Surinder Deswal

摘要

There is a growing concern about the problem of e-waste, and more specifically, the issue of Waste-printed circuit boards (WPCBs), which comprise 4–7% of the total mass of e-waste. In managing e-waste, using indigenous microorganisms in biological processes is preferred over physico-chemical processes due to their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. In the present study, indigenous alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. SDG5 was isolated, identified, analysed and used for the bioremoval of metals from WPCBs by following a two-step bioremoval process with varying WPCB concentrations. The negative and positive controls were maintained during the bioremoval experiments. The bioremoval of metals was deciphered and analysed by using SEM-EDX, FTIR and ICP-OES spectrometry. The presence of organic acids in the Bacillus primary metabolites was established by FTIR analysis, that are necessary for organic acid-forming conditions to achieve maximum mobilisation of metals. The ICP-OES analysis revealed bioremoval of Al (99.99%), Zn (99.28%), Fe (96.18%) and Cu (91.48%) in 30 days with WPCB concentration of 1 gm/ml by Bacillus sp. SDG5. These findings confirmed the display of morphological changes by the accumulation of metals by Bacillus sp. SDG5 using SEM-EDX analysis. Thus, the study exhibited the potential of the isolated indigenous Bacillus strain in the bioremoval of metals from WPCBs, and the utility of bioprocess in achieving a sustainable circular economy.