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<p>In the present study, a passive ‘arch shape’ spiral resonator-based chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag is proposed having 8-bit of data capacity. The 8-bit tag is based on the frequency domain spectral signature method and its backscattered radar cross section (RCS) is analysed with the help of the bi-static method of measurement. The operating range of the tag varies from 2 to 6 GHz, achieving the industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band and ultra-wide band of frequencies. The 8-bit data generated from the tag should be transmitted with proper encryption and decryption along with an adequate error correction method. In this regard, a novel approach is proposed, in which the backscattered RCS is processed to achieve the bits in a coded form with the reduction of bit error. Here, the convolutional coding techniques have been adopted to process and encode the backscattered signal. This encoding method is frequency-domain coding, based on the sequence of the RCS of the proposed tag. The proposed encoding technique is based on the trellis diagram, in which some combination of the sequence is shuffled to produce a new sequence. To decode the encoded signal, the Viterbi algorithm is proposed. The bit transformation is validated by calculating the bit-error graph and using a comparison table.</p>

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Coding techniques of the backscattered RCS of an 8-bit chipless RFID tag for IoT applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月17日

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  • Priyabrata Sethy,
  • S K Behera

摘要

In the present study, a passive ‘arch shape’ spiral resonator-based chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag is proposed having 8-bit of data capacity. The 8-bit tag is based on the frequency domain spectral signature method and its backscattered radar cross section (RCS) is analysed with the help of the bi-static method of measurement. The operating range of the tag varies from 2 to 6 GHz, achieving the industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band and ultra-wide band of frequencies. The 8-bit data generated from the tag should be transmitted with proper encryption and decryption along with an adequate error correction method. In this regard, a novel approach is proposed, in which the backscattered RCS is processed to achieve the bits in a coded form with the reduction of bit error. Here, the convolutional coding techniques have been adopted to process and encode the backscattered signal. This encoding method is frequency-domain coding, based on the sequence of the RCS of the proposed tag. The proposed encoding technique is based on the trellis diagram, in which some combination of the sequence is shuffled to produce a new sequence. To decode the encoded signal, the Viterbi algorithm is proposed. The bit transformation is validated by calculating the bit-error graph and using a comparison table.