<p>India, like much of the world, faces increasing threats to its rich plant biodiversity. In this context, herbaria serve as invaluable repositories of plant diversity, preserving specimens that document past and present floristic patterns. Traditionally, herbaria have been fundamental to plant taxonomy, ecological studies, and conservation research. However, advancements in molecular techniques and computational tools have expanded their utility beyond conventional applications. The digitisation of herbarium collections has further revolutionised botanical research, enabling global accessibility, large-scale meta-analyses, and interdisciplinary studies. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), and machine learning (ML) has enhanced species identification, improved taxonomic classification, and reduced human bias. While digital herbaria offer numerous advantages, including enhanced preservation and remote accessibility, they cannot replace physical collections entirely. A hybrid approach integrating traditional specimen-based research with digital advancements is crucial for ensuring the long-term sustainability of herbaria. By embracing AI, remote sensing, and open-access databases, herbaria will remain indispensable tools for biodiversity conservation and botanical discovery amid environmental change.</p>