<p>In this paper, we study non-reflexive Banach spaces <i>X</i> for which the quotient space <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X^{**}/X\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mi>X</mi> <mrow /> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is reflexive. Such spaces were first introduced by James R&#xa0;Clark [<i>Proc.&#xa0;Amer.&#xa0;Math.&#xa0;Soc.</i> <b>36</b> (1972), pp. 421–427] where they were called coreflexive spaces. In Theorem 5, we show that a space <i>X</i> is coreflexive if and only if every separable subspace <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Y\subseteq X\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is coreflexive, provided that <i>X</i> is w<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-sequently dense in its bidual <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X^{**}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mi>X</mi> <mrow /> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We show that coreflexive spaces are stable under <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\ell ^{p}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-sum for <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1&lt;p&lt;\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In Theorem 14, we show that if <i>X</i> is a coreflexive space such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X^{**}/X\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mi>X</mi> <mrow /> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is separable, then the space of Bochner <i>p</i>-integrable functions, <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^{p}(\mu ,X)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is coreflexive for <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1&lt;p&lt;\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We conclude by providing an alternative proof of the fact, in a quasi-reflexive space <i>X</i>, w-PC’s of the unit ball <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X_{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> continues to have the same property in all the higher even-order dual unit balls of <i>X</i>.</p>

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A study on coreflexive Banach spaces

  • Saurabh Dwivedi

摘要

In this paper, we study non-reflexive Banach spaces X for which the quotient space \(X^{**}/X\) X / X is reflexive. Such spaces were first introduced by James R Clark [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 36 (1972), pp. 421–427] where they were called coreflexive spaces. In Theorem 5, we show that a space X is coreflexive if and only if every separable subspace \(Y\subseteq X\) Y X is coreflexive, provided that X is w \(^*\) -sequently dense in its bidual \(X^{**}\) X . We show that coreflexive spaces are stable under \(\ell ^{p}\) p -sum for \(1<p<\infty \) 1 < p < . In Theorem 14, we show that if X is a coreflexive space such that \(X^{**}/X\) X / X is separable, then the space of Bochner p-integrable functions, \(L^{p}(\mu ,X)\) L p ( μ , X ) is coreflexive for \(1<p<\infty \) 1 < p < . We conclude by providing an alternative proof of the fact, in a quasi-reflexive space X, w-PC’s of the unit ball \(X_{1}\) X 1 continues to have the same property in all the higher even-order dual unit balls of X.