<p>This article examines the trihybrid nanofluid flow on a curved elongating surface comprising TiO<sub>2</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles. The secondary direction is considered perpendicular to the fluid flow, whereas the surface stretches along the fluid flow (primary direction). For studying mass and heat transmission, the mass and thermal convective conditions are used. We aim to investigate skin friction and heat<InlineEquation ID="IEq2000"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12043_2025_2923_Article_IEq2000.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(/\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>mass transfer for the mono-hybrid and trihybrid nanofluids at the stretching curved surface. Also, we have considered three different types of base fluid which include water, ethylene glycol and water–ethylene glycol. The model formulation is converted to dimension-free notations using appropriate variables and solved by the bvp4c technique using MATLAB software. The current result is endorsed by previous studies. The results of the investigation are elaborated using tables and figures. The results confirmed that when the magnetic factor increases, the velocity distribution retarded and the temperature profile escalates. The water-based ternary nanofluid flow has the highest velocity when compared to other base fluids. Skin friction is higher in ternary nanofluids than in hybrid and mono-nanofluids. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are higher for the water-based ternary hybrid nanofluids flow than the other base fluids.</p>

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Enhanced heat and mass transfer in water-based ternary hybrid nanofluids flow over curved stretching surfaces under the effect of magnetic field

  • Ebrahem A Algehyne,
  • Fahad Maqbul Alamrani,
  • Laila A AL-Essa,
  • Humaira Yasmin,
  • Anwar Saeed

摘要

This article examines the trihybrid nanofluid flow on a curved elongating surface comprising TiO2, SiO2 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The secondary direction is considered perpendicular to the fluid flow, whereas the surface stretches along the fluid flow (primary direction). For studying mass and heat transmission, the mass and thermal convective conditions are used. We aim to investigate skin friction and heat \(/\) / mass transfer for the mono-hybrid and trihybrid nanofluids at the stretching curved surface. Also, we have considered three different types of base fluid which include water, ethylene glycol and water–ethylene glycol. The model formulation is converted to dimension-free notations using appropriate variables and solved by the bvp4c technique using MATLAB software. The current result is endorsed by previous studies. The results of the investigation are elaborated using tables and figures. The results confirmed that when the magnetic factor increases, the velocity distribution retarded and the temperature profile escalates. The water-based ternary nanofluid flow has the highest velocity when compared to other base fluids. Skin friction is higher in ternary nanofluids than in hybrid and mono-nanofluids. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are higher for the water-based ternary hybrid nanofluids flow than the other base fluids.