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<p>Tamarind (<i>Tamarindus indica</i>), a perennial and an open-pollinated tree crop, has versatile purposes in food and medicinal industry. The Indian Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Institute (IFGTB) has developed a germplasm bank with several tamarind clones collected from different places of India. In this study, 60 tamarind clones with differing fruit pulp characteristics were selected from this germplasm for evaluating fruit morphology and physio-chemical traits. For the first time, the selected trees from this germplasm are classified into groups based on the morphological traits, physio-chemical traits and using the inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Further, the genetic makeup of this population was also studied using the rigorous population structure analysis. Genetic diversity has been observed for fruit quality and physiochemical traits offering a chance for selection. Tamarind fruit yield and quality related traits such as fruit weight, pulp weight, total sugar (38.02%), tartaric acid (31.06%) and fruit length (23.57%) were recorded with high coefficient of variation indicating the presence of variability for these traits. Tamarind clones IFGTB-RT5 and IFGTB-TI14 were recorded with the highest numerical values for fruit weight, pulp weight and fruit length. Similarly, the following tamarind clones were recorded with the highest values for different physiochemical traits: IFGTBST-18 (Total soluble solids), IFGTBTI-12 (Tartaric acid), IFGTB-TI13 (Ascorbic acid), and IFGTB-ST17 (Total sugar). As the genomic level information in tamarind crop is only accumulating, this study utilized ISSR markers to study molecular level diversity between the selected tamarind clones. The selected markers were successful in clustering the genotypes. Marker 17899B recorded the highest polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.44. The resolving power (RP) and marker index (MI) varied significantly among primers, with UBC-810 exhibiting the highest resolving power (14.56). In Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) explaining 36.73% of the total variation, three distinct group of tamarind clones were identified. Population structure analysis and Jaccard-based cluster analysis classified the 60 tamarind clones into three groups which were consistent with the morphological grouping of sour, red, and sweet tamarinds. These findings establish the genetic morphological and molecular diversity existing between the clones of IFGTB germplasm. This facilitates future breeding and conservation efforts.</p>

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Molecular diversity of Tamarindus indica clones using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Mayavel A,
  • Amaravel M,
  • Akshayasri M,
  • Andrew Peter Leon M.T,
  • Maheswari Patturaj,
  • Sindhu Agasthikumar,
  • Bagathsingh C,
  • Radhakrishnan G,
  • Binai Nagarajan

摘要

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica), a perennial and an open-pollinated tree crop, has versatile purposes in food and medicinal industry. The Indian Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Institute (IFGTB) has developed a germplasm bank with several tamarind clones collected from different places of India. In this study, 60 tamarind clones with differing fruit pulp characteristics were selected from this germplasm for evaluating fruit morphology and physio-chemical traits. For the first time, the selected trees from this germplasm are classified into groups based on the morphological traits, physio-chemical traits and using the inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Further, the genetic makeup of this population was also studied using the rigorous population structure analysis. Genetic diversity has been observed for fruit quality and physiochemical traits offering a chance for selection. Tamarind fruit yield and quality related traits such as fruit weight, pulp weight, total sugar (38.02%), tartaric acid (31.06%) and fruit length (23.57%) were recorded with high coefficient of variation indicating the presence of variability for these traits. Tamarind clones IFGTB-RT5 and IFGTB-TI14 were recorded with the highest numerical values for fruit weight, pulp weight and fruit length. Similarly, the following tamarind clones were recorded with the highest values for different physiochemical traits: IFGTBST-18 (Total soluble solids), IFGTBTI-12 (Tartaric acid), IFGTB-TI13 (Ascorbic acid), and IFGTB-ST17 (Total sugar). As the genomic level information in tamarind crop is only accumulating, this study utilized ISSR markers to study molecular level diversity between the selected tamarind clones. The selected markers were successful in clustering the genotypes. Marker 17899B recorded the highest polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.44. The resolving power (RP) and marker index (MI) varied significantly among primers, with UBC-810 exhibiting the highest resolving power (14.56). In Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) explaining 36.73% of the total variation, three distinct group of tamarind clones were identified. Population structure analysis and Jaccard-based cluster analysis classified the 60 tamarind clones into three groups which were consistent with the morphological grouping of sour, red, and sweet tamarinds. These findings establish the genetic morphological and molecular diversity existing between the clones of IFGTB germplasm. This facilitates future breeding and conservation efforts.