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<p>Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i> L.)is a vital oilseed crop with high yield potential for its high-quality edible oil and richness in unsaturated fats and antioxidants. Estimating genetic diversity and selecting of diverse parental lines are preliminary steps in a hybrid breeding programme in sunflower. In the present study, 50 sunflower genotypes from six AICRP sunflower centres of India were evaluated at the experimental field of Department of Oilseeds, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during <i>rabi</i>, 2022-23,to describe 27 DUS traits and nine biometric traits.The genotypes were then subsequently characterized using 94 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for molecular diversity and structure analysis, of which 48 markers were polymorphic among the genotypes.Results revealed a significant variation among the sunflower genotypes. Dendrograms obtained by DUS traits, biometrical and molecular diversity analysis grouped 50 genotypes into six distinct groups.Among 27 DUS traits studied, 3 traits were monomorphic, 10 traits were dimorphic, 10 were trimorphic and 4 traits were found tetramorphic among sunflower genotypes. Cluster 1 and cluster 2 (by biometrical traits) are characterized for earliness to 50% flowering, days to maturity, and 100-seed weight, and cluster 5 stands for more head diameter, volume weight/100&#xa0;ml, oil content, and single plant yield.Superior genotypes from different clusters can be further utilized in a heterosis breeding to develop high-yielding sunflower hybrids and to generate maximum variability in advanced generations. Population structure analysis results revealed six sub-populations. Thenet nucleotide distances between sub-populations II and V were0.2048, and between III and VIwere0.0676. The sub-population VI exhibited the highest Fst value of 0.2571and heterozygosity of 0.3027. Integrating the grouping patterns from both quantitative and molecular data facilitated the identification of diverse genotypes, which are valuable for selecting parental lines in a hybrid breeding program. Six genotypes, viz.,GMU 520, EC 512,687, EC 6,023,072, AKSF 141R, RHA 138-2R, and GMU 428,exhibited significant genetic divergence from four other genotypes: GMU 729, GMU 575, CPI 6, and CMS 30B. Notably, GMU 520, AKSF 141R, and RHA 138-2R demonstrated superior mean performance for yield-related traits, making them promising candidates for use as parental lines in hybrid development. In addition, the genotypes viz., PB1012, IR6, COSF6B, PB1196 and PB1006 recorded overall mean performance for high oil content (&gt; 40%). Hence, identified genotypes can be effectively utilized in the sunflower crop improvement programme.</p>

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Population Structure and Diversity Analysis in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Inbred Lines Using Morphological Traits and Molecular Markers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月6日

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  • R. Sasikala,
  • M. Vivek,
  • T. Nivethitha,
  • D. Susmitha,
  • G. Jeeva,
  • V. Santhiya,
  • T. Kalaimagal

摘要

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)is a vital oilseed crop with high yield potential for its high-quality edible oil and richness in unsaturated fats and antioxidants. Estimating genetic diversity and selecting of diverse parental lines are preliminary steps in a hybrid breeding programme in sunflower. In the present study, 50 sunflower genotypes from six AICRP sunflower centres of India were evaluated at the experimental field of Department of Oilseeds, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during rabi, 2022-23,to describe 27 DUS traits and nine biometric traits.The genotypes were then subsequently characterized using 94 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for molecular diversity and structure analysis, of which 48 markers were polymorphic among the genotypes.Results revealed a significant variation among the sunflower genotypes. Dendrograms obtained by DUS traits, biometrical and molecular diversity analysis grouped 50 genotypes into six distinct groups.Among 27 DUS traits studied, 3 traits were monomorphic, 10 traits were dimorphic, 10 were trimorphic and 4 traits were found tetramorphic among sunflower genotypes. Cluster 1 and cluster 2 (by biometrical traits) are characterized for earliness to 50% flowering, days to maturity, and 100-seed weight, and cluster 5 stands for more head diameter, volume weight/100 ml, oil content, and single plant yield.Superior genotypes from different clusters can be further utilized in a heterosis breeding to develop high-yielding sunflower hybrids and to generate maximum variability in advanced generations. Population structure analysis results revealed six sub-populations. Thenet nucleotide distances between sub-populations II and V were0.2048, and between III and VIwere0.0676. The sub-population VI exhibited the highest Fst value of 0.2571and heterozygosity of 0.3027. Integrating the grouping patterns from both quantitative and molecular data facilitated the identification of diverse genotypes, which are valuable for selecting parental lines in a hybrid breeding program. Six genotypes, viz.,GMU 520, EC 512,687, EC 6,023,072, AKSF 141R, RHA 138-2R, and GMU 428,exhibited significant genetic divergence from four other genotypes: GMU 729, GMU 575, CPI 6, and CMS 30B. Notably, GMU 520, AKSF 141R, and RHA 138-2R demonstrated superior mean performance for yield-related traits, making them promising candidates for use as parental lines in hybrid development. In addition, the genotypes viz., PB1012, IR6, COSF6B, PB1196 and PB1006 recorded overall mean performance for high oil content (> 40%). Hence, identified genotypes can be effectively utilized in the sunflower crop improvement programme.