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<p>Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) are genetic molecules transcribed from the genome but lacking protein-coding capacity. Once considered "genomic dark matter" or "transcriptional noise", ncRNAs have emerged as pivotal players in epigenetic regulation. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most well-studied class of small ncRNAs, typically 20–24 nucleotides in length and evolutionarily highly conserved. miRNA regulate organismal growth and development by base-pairing with target gene transcripts, inducing either mRNA degradation or translational suppression. Advances in small RNA sequencing and degradome sequencing have expanded the catalog of identified plant miRNAs and elucidated their biological functions. As key regulatory molecules, miRNAs orchestrate plant growth, development, and stress responses. Under stress conditions, miRNAs assemble into miRNA-induced silencing complexes (miRISCs) and bind complementary target mRNAs, triggering transcript degradation or translational inhibition. This post-transcriptional regulation modulates downstream stress-related genes, reshaping metabolic and signaling pathways to enhance stress adaptation. This review systematically examines the biogenesis, mechanisms of action, and functional roles of plant miRNAs, with a focus on their contributions to drought and salt tolerance. By dissecting miRNA-mediated regulatory networks, we aim to provide insights for engineering crops with improved resilience to abiotic stresses.</p>

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Advancements in the Research of miRNAs Associated with Plant Drought and Salt Stress Responses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月3日

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  • Lixia Zhou,
  • Qiufei Wu

摘要

Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) are genetic molecules transcribed from the genome but lacking protein-coding capacity. Once considered "genomic dark matter" or "transcriptional noise", ncRNAs have emerged as pivotal players in epigenetic regulation. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most well-studied class of small ncRNAs, typically 20–24 nucleotides in length and evolutionarily highly conserved. miRNA regulate organismal growth and development by base-pairing with target gene transcripts, inducing either mRNA degradation or translational suppression. Advances in small RNA sequencing and degradome sequencing have expanded the catalog of identified plant miRNAs and elucidated their biological functions. As key regulatory molecules, miRNAs orchestrate plant growth, development, and stress responses. Under stress conditions, miRNAs assemble into miRNA-induced silencing complexes (miRISCs) and bind complementary target mRNAs, triggering transcript degradation or translational inhibition. This post-transcriptional regulation modulates downstream stress-related genes, reshaping metabolic and signaling pathways to enhance stress adaptation. This review systematically examines the biogenesis, mechanisms of action, and functional roles of plant miRNAs, with a focus on their contributions to drought and salt tolerance. By dissecting miRNA-mediated regulatory networks, we aim to provide insights for engineering crops with improved resilience to abiotic stresses.