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<p>Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal known for its harmful effects on living organisms. We analyzed the effect of co-application of silicon (Si) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth and tolerance of <i>Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia</i> Benth. in Cd-contaminated soil. Over a 110-day period in a greenhouse setting, plants were exposed to differente Si concentrations (0, 150, 225, and 300&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup>) in the soil — applied as sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃), with or without AMF inoculation (<i>Rhizoglomus clarum</i>). Plants that received both Si supplementation and AMF inoculation exhibited increased tolerance to Cd, accompanied by enhanced initial growth. The Dickson quality index was higher in treatments combining AMF and Si, while the robustness index was influenced only by AMF. The Si and AMF combination demonstrated the highest rates of mycorrhizal colonization (64%) and AMF spore abundance (772.8), while a lower frequency of arbuscules (4%) was found. Higher Si concentrations in the soil increased pH and Si concentration, while Si and AMF reduced Cd bioavailability in the soil by more than 20% compared to their absence. Plants supplemented with Si and AMF showed increased Si (+ 238.8%) and P (+ 27.4%) in shoots. Co-application of Si and AMF resulted in higher Cd retention in roots and limited translocation to shoots. AMF also positively affected calcium and magnesium concentrations in shoots. These findings highlight the synergy of Si and AMF in improving <i>M. caesalpiniaefolia</i> Benth. growth and tolerance in Cd-contaminated soils, offering a strategy for phytostabilization and soil rehabilitation in Cd-affected areas.</p>

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Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on the Tolerance and Growth of Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. in Cd-Contaminated Soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月11日

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  • José Lucas Sousa de Andrade,
  • Kaio Gráculo Vieira Garcia,
  • Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira,
  • Paulo Furtado Mendes Filho

摘要

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal known for its harmful effects on living organisms. We analyzed the effect of co-application of silicon (Si) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth and tolerance of Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. in Cd-contaminated soil. Over a 110-day period in a greenhouse setting, plants were exposed to differente Si concentrations (0, 150, 225, and 300 mg kg− 1) in the soil — applied as sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃), with or without AMF inoculation (Rhizoglomus clarum). Plants that received both Si supplementation and AMF inoculation exhibited increased tolerance to Cd, accompanied by enhanced initial growth. The Dickson quality index was higher in treatments combining AMF and Si, while the robustness index was influenced only by AMF. The Si and AMF combination demonstrated the highest rates of mycorrhizal colonization (64%) and AMF spore abundance (772.8), while a lower frequency of arbuscules (4%) was found. Higher Si concentrations in the soil increased pH and Si concentration, while Si and AMF reduced Cd bioavailability in the soil by more than 20% compared to their absence. Plants supplemented with Si and AMF showed increased Si (+ 238.8%) and P (+ 27.4%) in shoots. Co-application of Si and AMF resulted in higher Cd retention in roots and limited translocation to shoots. AMF also positively affected calcium and magnesium concentrations in shoots. These findings highlight the synergy of Si and AMF in improving M. caesalpiniaefolia Benth. growth and tolerance in Cd-contaminated soils, offering a strategy for phytostabilization and soil rehabilitation in Cd-affected areas.