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<p><i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> ssp. <i>turkestanica</i>, a subdioecious plant inhabiting the cold desert of the Indian Himalaya, has gained immense recognition for its nutritional and medicinal values. In recent years, the plant species has proven to be a suitable system to understand the evolution of dioecy. Despite its biological significance, the cytogenetics of this dioecious plant is unclear due to various conflicting accounts of its X–Y chromosome system, particularly the length of Y-chromosome. In this study, we resolved these ambiguities through comprehensive cytogenetic analyses across diverse western Himalayan populations. Using morphometric analysis and fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH) with a gender-specific marker (HRMSSR), we confirmed homomorphic XX chromosomes in females and heteromorphic sex-chromosomes in males with a notably smaller Y-chromosome. The investigation also revealed a predominant somatic chromosome number of 2<i>n</i> = 24, although minor deviations (2<i>n</i> = 18, 20, 22) appeared at the seed level. These findings highlight an evolutionarily advanced sex-chromosome system. This first detailed cytogenetic investigation of Himalayan Seabuckthorn provides critical insights into the chromosomal architecture, laying a crucial foundation for future evolutionary, genomic, and conservation studies in the species.</p>

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Mitotic karyotyping and FISH mapping of the gender-specific locus indicate an advanced XY system in Hippophae rhamnoides

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Manisha Jhajhariya,
  • Yash Mangla,
  • Sachin Singh Sorokhaibam,
  • Shailendra Goel,
  • Rajesh Tandon

摘要

Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica, a subdioecious plant inhabiting the cold desert of the Indian Himalaya, has gained immense recognition for its nutritional and medicinal values. In recent years, the plant species has proven to be a suitable system to understand the evolution of dioecy. Despite its biological significance, the cytogenetics of this dioecious plant is unclear due to various conflicting accounts of its X–Y chromosome system, particularly the length of Y-chromosome. In this study, we resolved these ambiguities through comprehensive cytogenetic analyses across diverse western Himalayan populations. Using morphometric analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a gender-specific marker (HRMSSR), we confirmed homomorphic XX chromosomes in females and heteromorphic sex-chromosomes in males with a notably smaller Y-chromosome. The investigation also revealed a predominant somatic chromosome number of 2n = 24, although minor deviations (2n = 18, 20, 22) appeared at the seed level. These findings highlight an evolutionarily advanced sex-chromosome system. This first detailed cytogenetic investigation of Himalayan Seabuckthorn provides critical insights into the chromosomal architecture, laying a crucial foundation for future evolutionary, genomic, and conservation studies in the species.