Abstract The opencast coal mining operations have a significant negative impact on land use/land cover (LULC) patterns. In this context, remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are notable geospatial approaches for analysing the dynamic process of land use. The study examined changes in the nearby LULC dynamics throughout a 29-year time frame, encompassing 1990–2019. The different LULC classes, such as built-up area, mining area, forest/hilly area, cropland, water body/river, and fallow land, were extracted using ArcGIS and ERDAS Imagine software in the study region. The changes in the LULC classes have been identified on the 9-year and 10-year interval using time-series Landsat imagery (1900, 2000, 2009, and 2019) with 30 m spatial resolution. The findings of this research using classified Landsat satellite imagery identified that the built-up area has increased from 0.71% (1990) to 2.07% (2019), while the mining area has increased from 4.39% (1990) to 19.88% (2019), respectively. Whereas, forest/hilly area has shown a drastic decrease of 25.75% (1990) to 16.13% (2019), indicating deforestation in the designated area. Additionally, the cropland and water body/river were also increased from 30.34% to 33.66% and 0.92% to 1.79% from 1990 and 2019, respectively. Meanwhile, the fallow land has also decreased from 37.86% (1990) to 26.43% (2019) attributed to the expansion and diversification of coal mining operations in the study region. The accuracy assessment was also performed using Koppa Coefficient and overall accuracy for each LULC map. The LULC classification was highly accurate, with overall accuracy rates of 83.64%, 86.10%, 91.20%, and 92.10% with kappa values of 0.82, 0.83, 0.89, and 0.90 for 1990, 2000, 2009, and 2019, respectively. Over the past three decades, this research area has experienced massive transformations to LULC, primarily due to the explosive expansion of coal extraction and industrial operations. These findings may provide useful information for future environmental protection and sustainable development at Singrauli coalfield region. Research highlights <UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> The present article examined the change analysis of land use/land cover (LULC) in Singrauli coalfield for a time span of 29 years by using remote sensing and GIS techniques. </ItemContent> <ItemContent> The result indicates that, the mining region gradually increased from 4.39% in 1990 to 19.88% in 2019, whereas fallow land decreased from 37.86% in 1990 to 26.43% in 2019. This decrease could be possible due to rapid growth of coal mining and industrial activities in the study region. </ItemContent> <ItemContent> The findings may provide useful information for future environmental protection and sustainable development at Singrauli coalfield area. </ItemContent> </UnorderedList>

Analysis of land use/land cover changes using remote sensing and GIS techniques in the Singrauli Coalfield, India

期刊论文
发表日期：

2026年5月25日

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Ashwani Kumar Sonkar,
Aarif Jamal,
Vijayendra Pratap Dheeraj,
Hira Lal Yadav,
Sareesh Chandrawanshi

摘要

Abstract

The opencast coal mining operations have a significant negative impact on land use/land cover (LULC) patterns. In this context, remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are notable geospatial approaches for analysing the dynamic process of land use. The study examined changes in the nearby LULC dynamics throughout a 29-year time frame, encompassing 1990–2019. The different LULC classes, such as built-up area, mining area, forest/hilly area, cropland, water body/river, and fallow land, were extracted using ArcGIS and ERDAS Imagine software in the study region. The changes in the LULC classes have been identified on the 9-year and 10-year interval using time-series Landsat imagery (1900, 2000, 2009, and 2019) with 30 m spatial resolution. The findings of this research using classified Landsat satellite imagery identified that the built-up area has increased from 0.71% (1990) to 2.07% (2019), while the mining area has increased from 4.39% (1990) to 19.88% (2019), respectively. Whereas, forest/hilly area has shown a drastic decrease of 25.75% (1990) to 16.13% (2019), indicating deforestation in the designated area. Additionally, the cropland and water body/river were also increased from 30.34% to 33.66% and 0.92% to 1.79% from 1990 and 2019, respectively. Meanwhile, the fallow land has also decreased from 37.86% (1990) to 26.43% (2019) attributed to the expansion and diversification of coal mining operations in the study region. The accuracy assessment was also performed using Koppa Coefficient and overall accuracy for each LULC map. The LULC classification was highly accurate, with overall accuracy rates of 83.64%, 86.10%, 91.20%, and 92.10% with kappa values of 0.82, 0.83, 0.89, and 0.90 for 1990, 2000, 2009, and 2019, respectively. Over the past three decades, this research area has experienced massive transformations to LULC, primarily due to the explosive expansion of coal extraction and industrial operations. These findings may provide useful information for future environmental protection and sustainable development at Singrauli coalfield region.

Research highlights

The present article examined the change analysis of land use/land cover (LULC) in Singrauli coalfield for a time span of 29 years by using remote sensing and GIS techniques.

The result indicates that, the mining region gradually increased from 4.39% in 1990 to 19.88% in 2019, whereas fallow land decreased from 37.86% in 1990 to 26.43% in 2019. This decrease could be possible due to rapid growth of coal mining and industrial activities in the study region.

The findings may provide useful information for future environmental protection and sustainable development at Singrauli coalfield area.