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Abstract <p>Analysis on the ichnofabrics of the Barail Group of rocks (the Laisong and the Renji Formations) outcropping in Manipur and Nagaland were performed. Total of sixteen ichnofabrics have been identified, which comprise of <i>Asterichnus-Archaeonassa</i>, <i>Asterosoma-Thalassinoides</i>, <i>Bichordites-Thalassinoides</i>, <i>Chondrites</i>, <i>Chondrites-Palaeodictyon</i>, <i>Furculosus-Diplocraterion-Skolithos</i>, <i>Spongeliomorpha-Thalassinoides, Chondrorhaphe - Helminthorhaphe - Spirorhaphe - Urohelminthoida, Ophiomorpha, Thalassinoides</i>, <i>Zoophycos</i> from the Laisong Formation, and <i>Aulichnites - Rhizocorallium</i>, <i>Bergaueria - Ophiomorpha - Skolithos - Scolicia</i>, <i>Ophiomorpha - Skolithos</i>, <i>Gyrolithes</i>, and <i>Gastrochaenolites</i> from the Renji Formation. <i>Thalassinoides</i> monospecific ichnofabric shows maximum bioturbation, BI 6. The average bioturbation index observed is 4. Most of the ichnofabrics are associated with well-oxygenated, suitable substrates and normal salinity, under relatively high energy conditions. Low sedimentation rate and brackish water conditions are also indicated by the presence of <i>Thalassinoides</i> monospecific ichnofabric, <i>Aulichnites - Rhizocorallium</i> and <i>Chondrorhaphe - Helminthorhaphe - Spirorhaphe - Urohelminthoida</i> ichnofabrics. The host rocks are dominantly sandy sedimentary successions. Three types of tiering levels were noticed, of which the shallow tier is more dominant than the deep and middle tiers.</p> Research highlights <p><UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> <p>Moderate to high bioturbation.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>Upper to lower shoreface depositional environments.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>Laisong Formation has more conducive palaeoenvironmental setting than Renji Formation.</p> </ItemContent> </UnorderedList></p>

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Ichnofabrics of the Barail Group (Priabonian-Chattian), Manipur-Nagaland Section, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Hemanta S Rajkumar,
  • Echeni Heni

摘要

Abstract

Analysis on the ichnofabrics of the Barail Group of rocks (the Laisong and the Renji Formations) outcropping in Manipur and Nagaland were performed. Total of sixteen ichnofabrics have been identified, which comprise of Asterichnus-Archaeonassa, Asterosoma-Thalassinoides, Bichordites-Thalassinoides, Chondrites, Chondrites-Palaeodictyon, Furculosus-Diplocraterion-Skolithos, Spongeliomorpha-Thalassinoides, Chondrorhaphe - Helminthorhaphe - Spirorhaphe - Urohelminthoida, Ophiomorpha, Thalassinoides, Zoophycos from the Laisong Formation, and Aulichnites - Rhizocorallium, Bergaueria - Ophiomorpha - Skolithos - Scolicia, Ophiomorpha - Skolithos, Gyrolithes, and Gastrochaenolites from the Renji Formation. Thalassinoides monospecific ichnofabric shows maximum bioturbation, BI 6. The average bioturbation index observed is 4. Most of the ichnofabrics are associated with well-oxygenated, suitable substrates and normal salinity, under relatively high energy conditions. Low sedimentation rate and brackish water conditions are also indicated by the presence of Thalassinoides monospecific ichnofabric, Aulichnites - Rhizocorallium and Chondrorhaphe - Helminthorhaphe - Spirorhaphe - Urohelminthoida ichnofabrics. The host rocks are dominantly sandy sedimentary successions. Three types of tiering levels were noticed, of which the shallow tier is more dominant than the deep and middle tiers.

Research highlights

Moderate to high bioturbation.

Upper to lower shoreface depositional environments.

Laisong Formation has more conducive palaeoenvironmental setting than Renji Formation.