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<p>Jharia stands out as one of the oldest and most significant mining regions, grappling with the persistent challenge of land subsidence. This study is focused on understanding the structural implications of subsidence dynamics in the East Jharia Coalfield. The analysis utilized an advanced multi-image sparse point processing technique using Sentinel-1 SLC SAR imagery captured between 2021 and 2023 to generate comprehensive ground deformation time series data. In further analysis, the average rate of ground deformation during the study period was interpolated with the IDW to create continuous ground deformation information. Next, two more deformation parameters were determined, i.e., subsidence gradient and subsidence curvature. Then, the study area was categorized into various zones based on the three subsidence parameters, offering a critical understanding of spatial deformation patterns. Further, an approach was made to delineate and identify the locations falling under the extreme zones of these parameters. Critical subsidence and subsidence gradient sites were identified, but detection in curvature zones was challenging due to elongated patterns along linear features and scattered pixels. Subsequently, three pivotal parameters, i.e., subsidence, subsidence gradient, and subsidence curvature, were integrated to extract the most hazardous and stable zones across different land use land cover classes. Results show that 0.72 km<sup>2</sup> experiences deformation over 6 cm/yr, 14.76 km<sup>2</sup> has a gradient above 15°, and 38.99 km<sup>2</sup> has curvature exceeding 15°. Further, out of 40.61 km<sup>2</sup> of vulnerable area (41.15% of the study area), 59% is mining area, 34% is built-up, and 4% is agricultural, with key settlements like Nagri Kalan and Kankani mine facing high risks. Overall, this paper offered profound insights into the spatial distribution of subsidence and its numerous impacts within East Jharia, which are crucial for safeguarding critical infrastructure, mitigating broader socio-economic impacts, and ensuring sustainable development in the region.</p>

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Land subsidence dynamics and its structural impact assessment over East Jharia, Jharkhand, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月24日

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  • Aditya Kumar Thakur,
  • Rahul Dev Garg,
  • Kamal Jain

摘要

Jharia stands out as one of the oldest and most significant mining regions, grappling with the persistent challenge of land subsidence. This study is focused on understanding the structural implications of subsidence dynamics in the East Jharia Coalfield. The analysis utilized an advanced multi-image sparse point processing technique using Sentinel-1 SLC SAR imagery captured between 2021 and 2023 to generate comprehensive ground deformation time series data. In further analysis, the average rate of ground deformation during the study period was interpolated with the IDW to create continuous ground deformation information. Next, two more deformation parameters were determined, i.e., subsidence gradient and subsidence curvature. Then, the study area was categorized into various zones based on the three subsidence parameters, offering a critical understanding of spatial deformation patterns. Further, an approach was made to delineate and identify the locations falling under the extreme zones of these parameters. Critical subsidence and subsidence gradient sites were identified, but detection in curvature zones was challenging due to elongated patterns along linear features and scattered pixels. Subsequently, three pivotal parameters, i.e., subsidence, subsidence gradient, and subsidence curvature, were integrated to extract the most hazardous and stable zones across different land use land cover classes. Results show that 0.72 km2 experiences deformation over 6 cm/yr, 14.76 km2 has a gradient above 15°, and 38.99 km2 has curvature exceeding 15°. Further, out of 40.61 km2 of vulnerable area (41.15% of the study area), 59% is mining area, 34% is built-up, and 4% is agricultural, with key settlements like Nagri Kalan and Kankani mine facing high risks. Overall, this paper offered profound insights into the spatial distribution of subsidence and its numerous impacts within East Jharia, which are crucial for safeguarding critical infrastructure, mitigating broader socio-economic impacts, and ensuring sustainable development in the region.