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<p>This study investigates the surfactant properties of four compounds: Cardanol derivative intermediates reacted with diethanolamine (BHEC), BHEC hydrochloride (BHEC-HCl), and monoethanolamine (HEC) and HEC hydrochloride (HEC-HCl). The surface tension (ST), critical micelle concentration (CMC), wetting time, foaming, emulsification ability, lime soap deposit dispersion, and detergency were measured to assess the performance of each surfactant. Results indicate that BHEC-HCl and HEC-HCl exhibit superior detergency compared to BHEC and HEC, achieving near-complete stain removal at all tested concentrations. Furthermore, BHEC-HCl and HEC-HCl display lower CMC values and shed light on the higher molecular interactions and adsorption behaviour of the surfactants. Overall, this research underscores the significance of molecular structure and surfactant properties in determining detergency performance, providing valuable insights for developing efficient cleaning formulations.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyethylamino-propyl cardanol derivatives: Surfactant properties and antimicrobial efficacy in detergency applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Tanvi P Gupta,
  • Misbha A M Khot,
  • Amit P Pratap

摘要

This study investigates the surfactant properties of four compounds: Cardanol derivative intermediates reacted with diethanolamine (BHEC), BHEC hydrochloride (BHEC-HCl), and monoethanolamine (HEC) and HEC hydrochloride (HEC-HCl). The surface tension (ST), critical micelle concentration (CMC), wetting time, foaming, emulsification ability, lime soap deposit dispersion, and detergency were measured to assess the performance of each surfactant. Results indicate that BHEC-HCl and HEC-HCl exhibit superior detergency compared to BHEC and HEC, achieving near-complete stain removal at all tested concentrations. Furthermore, BHEC-HCl and HEC-HCl display lower CMC values and shed light on the higher molecular interactions and adsorption behaviour of the surfactants. Overall, this research underscores the significance of molecular structure and surfactant properties in determining detergency performance, providing valuable insights for developing efficient cleaning formulations.

Graphical abstract