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<p>Green chemistry promotes sustainable practices to minimize environmental impact, where heterogeneous catalysis serves as a key strategy for enhancing efficiency and eco-friendliness in chemical processes. Halloysite, a natural clay mineral with a tubular, hollow structure, large surface area and tunable surface chemistry has emerged as a sustainable, recyclable and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the multicomponent reaction between dimedone, aromatic aldehydes, and a nitrogen source, specifically ammonium acetate in greener solvent leading to the efficient production of 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridines in good to excellent yields. The proposed method provides a straightforward procedure, featuring a simple setup, easy work-up, reduced reaction times, high product yields and no hazardous solvents, aligning with green chemistry principles of reducing waste and using safer materials.</p> Graphical abstract <p>Halloysite, a natural and reusable clay catalyst, enables an eco-friendly multicomponent synthesis of 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridines from dimedone, aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium acetate. This green approach delivers high yields in shorter reaction times while minimizing waste and aligning with the core principles of sustainable chemistry.</p>

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Raw halloysite catalyzed an efficient one-pot three-component synthesis of 9-aryl-hexahydroacridine-1,8-diones

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Sakshi Panhotra,
  • Rashima Mehta,
  • Wani Inam Ul Haq,
  • Aakriti Mahajan,
  • Manvi Mahajan,
  • Princy Gupta

摘要

Green chemistry promotes sustainable practices to minimize environmental impact, where heterogeneous catalysis serves as a key strategy for enhancing efficiency and eco-friendliness in chemical processes. Halloysite, a natural clay mineral with a tubular, hollow structure, large surface area and tunable surface chemistry has emerged as a sustainable, recyclable and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the multicomponent reaction between dimedone, aromatic aldehydes, and a nitrogen source, specifically ammonium acetate in greener solvent leading to the efficient production of 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridines in good to excellent yields. The proposed method provides a straightforward procedure, featuring a simple setup, easy work-up, reduced reaction times, high product yields and no hazardous solvents, aligning with green chemistry principles of reducing waste and using safer materials.

Graphical abstract

Halloysite, a natural and reusable clay catalyst, enables an eco-friendly multicomponent synthesis of 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridines from dimedone, aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium acetate. This green approach delivers high yields in shorter reaction times while minimizing waste and aligning with the core principles of sustainable chemistry.