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<p>Actinide elements pose a two-fold risk once they enter the human body. On the one hand, the major risk is due to their nuclear radiation, and on the other hand, it is a consequence of their heavy metal toxicity. Irrespective of the intake pathway, i.e., inhalation, ingestion, or cutaneous absorption, actinides are resorbed and transported by the bloodstream prior to deposition in target organs or tissues. The actinides exhibit long biological lifetimes of 20–50 years and are excreted at slower rates. They link with different biological ligands (proteins, free amino acids, etc.) and mimic natural biological elements (iron, calcium etc.), although the phenomenon remains largely unexplored in the research community. Actinide interaction and transport within the body are important to study for a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling their specific target deposition and the toxic effects. The present report reviews the major studies carried out in the field of actinide interaction and speciation with biomolecules. It summarizes the actinide behaviour within biological fluids and with serum proteins <i>viz</i>. human serum albumin and serum transferrin. The report also gives a brief description of various tools and techniques used for studying actinide interaction with biomolecules, with special emphasis on computational tools.</p> Graphical abstract <p>This review highlights interactions of actinides with biomolecules in body fluids. Computational tools, namely, MD, QM/MM, enhanced sampling methods, and DFT provide atomic-level insights into binding, speciation, and conformational changes of serum protein. Integrating simulations with experiments advances the understanding of actinide biochemistry and guides design of effective decorporation strategies.</p> <p></p>

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Interactions of actinides with biomolecules in body fluids

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Vijayakriti Mishra,
  • Pramilla D Sawant,
  • Arup K Pathak

摘要

Actinide elements pose a two-fold risk once they enter the human body. On the one hand, the major risk is due to their nuclear radiation, and on the other hand, it is a consequence of their heavy metal toxicity. Irrespective of the intake pathway, i.e., inhalation, ingestion, or cutaneous absorption, actinides are resorbed and transported by the bloodstream prior to deposition in target organs or tissues. The actinides exhibit long biological lifetimes of 20–50 years and are excreted at slower rates. They link with different biological ligands (proteins, free amino acids, etc.) and mimic natural biological elements (iron, calcium etc.), although the phenomenon remains largely unexplored in the research community. Actinide interaction and transport within the body are important to study for a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling their specific target deposition and the toxic effects. The present report reviews the major studies carried out in the field of actinide interaction and speciation with biomolecules. It summarizes the actinide behaviour within biological fluids and with serum proteins viz. human serum albumin and serum transferrin. The report also gives a brief description of various tools and techniques used for studying actinide interaction with biomolecules, with special emphasis on computational tools.

Graphical abstract

This review highlights interactions of actinides with biomolecules in body fluids. Computational tools, namely, MD, QM/MM, enhanced sampling methods, and DFT provide atomic-level insights into binding, speciation, and conformational changes of serum protein. Integrating simulations with experiments advances the understanding of actinide biochemistry and guides design of effective decorporation strategies.