scDiffCoAM: A complete framework to identify potential biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using scRNA-Seq data analysis

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) technology provides the scope to gain insight into the interplay between intrinsic cellular processes as well as transcriptional and behavioral changes in gene–gene interactions across varying conditions. The high level of scarcity of scRNA-seq data, however, poses a significant challenge for analysis. We propose a complete differential co-expression (DCE) analysis framework for scRNA-Seq data to extract network modules and identify hub-genes. The performance of our method has been shown to be satisfactory after validation using an scRNA-Seq esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) dataset. From comparison with four other existing hub-gene finding methods, it has been observed that our method performs better in the majority of cases and has the ability to identify unique potential biomarkers that were not detected by the other methods. The potential biomarker genes identified by our framework, differential co-expression analysis method for single-cell RNA sequencing data (scDiffCoAM), have been validated both statistically and biologically.