<p>In this study, we considered the optical wavelength of <i>Gaia</i> Data Release 3 (DR3) to analyze poorly studied three newly open star clusters, namely OCSN 203, OCSN 213, and OCSN 244 clusters with <span>ASteCA</span> code. Here, we identified 227, 200, and 551 candidates with highly probable (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(P \ge 50\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>50</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>%) members. Fitting King’s profile within radial density profiles allows us to estimate inner stellar structures like core (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="167" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0.190 \le r_{\textrm{c}} \ \mathrm{(pc)} \le 1.284\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0.190</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mtext>c</mtext> </msub> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">pc</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>1.284</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and the limiting (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="171" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0.327 \le r_{\textrm{cl}} \ \mathrm{(pc)} \le 1.302\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0.327</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mtext>cl</mtext> </msub> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">pc</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>1.302</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) radii. Constructing color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) fitted with suitable <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\log \textrm{age}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>log</mo> <mtext>age</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (yr) between (<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="34" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\log t\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>log</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; 6.52–7.05) and metallicities (<i>Z</i>; 0.01308–0.01413) isochrones. Therefore, the estimated photometric parameters with CMDs reflect the heliocentric distances are <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(332 \pm 18\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>332</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>18</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(529 \pm 23\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>529</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(506 \pm 23\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>506</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (pc) for OCSN 203, OCSN 213, and OCSN 244, respectively. Furthermore, the collective mass (<InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(M_{C}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mi>C</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) in solar mass units is calculated with MLR as <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="67" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(67 \pm 8.19\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>67</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>8.19</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="67" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(91 \pm 9.54\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>91</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>9.54</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="83" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(353 \pm 18.79\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>353</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>18.79</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Additionally, LF determined that the mean absolute magnitudes are <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="80" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(9.54 \pm 3.09\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>9.54</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>3.09</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="80" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(8.52 \pm 2.92\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>8.52</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>2.92</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="80" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(7.60 \pm 2.76\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>7.60</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>2.76</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for these clusters, respectively. The overall mass function reflects the slopes (<InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) for Salpeter within the uncertainty are (<InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="168" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha _{\mathrm{OCSN \ 203}} = 2.41 \pm 0.06\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">OCSN</mi> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mn>203</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2.41</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.06</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), (<InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq18.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="168" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha _{\mathrm{OCSN \ 213}} = 2.13 \pm 0.07\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">OCSN</mi> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mn>213</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2.13</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.07</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), and (<InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq19.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="168" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha _{\mathrm{OCSN \ 244}} = 2.28 \pm 0.07\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">OCSN</mi> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mn>244</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2.28</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.07</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). The results of this study, which employed a dynamical analysis over varying timescales, indicate that OCSN 203 and OCSN 244 are clusters that have undergone significant relaxation, with a dynamical evolution parameter (<InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq20.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="11" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) that is much greater than one. In contrast, OCSN 213 exhibits characteristics of a non-relaxed cluster. A kinematic analysis of these open clusters was carried out, encompassing aspects of their apex position (<InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq21.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_{\textrm{o}}, D_{\textrm{o}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mtext>o</mtext> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mtext>o</mtext> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) using the AD diagrams. Therefore, the numerical convergent point coordinates are <InlineEquation ID="IEq22"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq22.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="100" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(76^{\circ }.77 \pm 0^{\circ }.01\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mn>76</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mn>77</mn> <mo>±</mo> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mn>01</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq23"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq23.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(-0^{\circ }.23 \pm 0^{\circ }.00\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mn>23</mn> <mo>±</mo> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mn>00</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (OCSN 203), <InlineEquation ID="IEq24"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq24.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="100" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(85^{\circ }.71 \pm 0^{\circ }.11\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mn>85</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mn>71</mn> <mo>±</mo> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq25"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq25.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(-9^{\circ }.63 \pm 0^{\circ }.03\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mn>9</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mn>63</mn> <mo>±</mo> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mn>03</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (OCSN 213), and <InlineEquation ID="IEq26"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq26.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="100" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(88^{\circ }.19 \pm 0^{\circ }.11\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mn>88</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mn>19</mn> <mo>±</mo> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq27"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12036_2025_10044_Article_IEq27.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(-4^{\circ }.04 \pm 0^{\circ }.01\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mn>4</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mn>04</mn> <mo>±</mo> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mn>01</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (OCSN 244). We found that the three OCSN clusters are young stellar disc members using dynamic orbit parameters.</p>

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Deeply comprehensive astrometric, photometric, and kinematic studies of the three OCSN open clusters with Gaia DR3

  • W. H. Elsanhoury,
  • A. A. Haroon,
  • E. A. Elkholy,
  • D. C. Çinar

摘要

In this study, we considered the optical wavelength of Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) to analyze poorly studied three newly open star clusters, namely OCSN 203, OCSN 213, and OCSN 244 clusters with ASteCA code. Here, we identified 227, 200, and 551 candidates with highly probable ( \(P \ge 50\) P 50 %) members. Fitting King’s profile within radial density profiles allows us to estimate inner stellar structures like core ( \(0.190 \le r_{\textrm{c}} \ \mathrm{(pc)} \le 1.284\) 0.190 r c ( pc ) 1.284 ) and the limiting ( \(0.327 \le r_{\textrm{cl}} \ \mathrm{(pc)} \le 1.302\) 0.327 r cl ( pc ) 1.302 ) radii. Constructing color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) fitted with suitable \(\log \textrm{age}\) log age (yr) between ( \(\log t\) log t ; 6.52–7.05) and metallicities (Z; 0.01308–0.01413) isochrones. Therefore, the estimated photometric parameters with CMDs reflect the heliocentric distances are \(332 \pm 18\) 332 ± 18 , \(529 \pm 23\) 529 ± 23 , and \(506 \pm 23\) 506 ± 23 (pc) for OCSN 203, OCSN 213, and OCSN 244, respectively. Furthermore, the collective mass ( \(M_{C}\) M C ) in solar mass units is calculated with MLR as \(67 \pm 8.19\) 67 ± 8.19 , \(91 \pm 9.54\) 91 ± 9.54 , and \(353 \pm 18.79\) 353 ± 18.79 . Additionally, LF determined that the mean absolute magnitudes are \(9.54 \pm 3.09\) 9.54 ± 3.09 , \(8.52 \pm 2.92\) 8.52 ± 2.92 , and \(7.60 \pm 2.76\) 7.60 ± 2.76 for these clusters, respectively. The overall mass function reflects the slopes ( \(\alpha \) α ) for Salpeter within the uncertainty are ( \(\alpha _{\mathrm{OCSN \ 203}} = 2.41 \pm 0.06\) α OCSN 203 = 2.41 ± 0.06 ), ( \(\alpha _{\mathrm{OCSN \ 213}} = 2.13 \pm 0.07\) α OCSN 213 = 2.13 ± 0.07 ), and ( \(\alpha _{\mathrm{OCSN \ 244}} = 2.28 \pm 0.07\) α OCSN 244 = 2.28 ± 0.07 ). The results of this study, which employed a dynamical analysis over varying timescales, indicate that OCSN 203 and OCSN 244 are clusters that have undergone significant relaxation, with a dynamical evolution parameter ( \(\tau \) τ ) that is much greater than one. In contrast, OCSN 213 exhibits characteristics of a non-relaxed cluster. A kinematic analysis of these open clusters was carried out, encompassing aspects of their apex position ( \(A_{\textrm{o}}, D_{\textrm{o}}\) A o , D o ) using the AD diagrams. Therefore, the numerical convergent point coordinates are \(76^{\circ }.77 \pm 0^{\circ }.01\) 76 . 77 ± 0 . 01 , \(-0^{\circ }.23 \pm 0^{\circ }.00\) - 0 . 23 ± 0 . 00 (OCSN 203), \(85^{\circ }.71 \pm 0^{\circ }.11\) 85 . 71 ± 0 . 11 , \(-9^{\circ }.63 \pm 0^{\circ }.03\) - 9 . 63 ± 0 . 03 (OCSN 213), and \(88^{\circ }.19 \pm 0^{\circ }.11\) 88 . 19 ± 0 . 11 , \(-4^{\circ }.04 \pm 0^{\circ }.01\) - 4 . 04 ± 0 . 01 (OCSN 244). We found that the three OCSN clusters are young stellar disc members using dynamic orbit parameters.