<p>Mitophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway crucial for clearing damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to various brain injuries. By promptly removing damaged mitochondria, mitophagy protects cells from further harm and support cellular repair and recovery after injury. In different types of brain injury, mitophagy plays complex and critical roles, from regulating the balance between cell death and survival to influencing neurological recovery. This review aims to deeply explore the role and mechanism of mitophagy in the context of brain injuries and uncover how mitophagy regulates the brain response to injury and its potential therapeutic significance. It emphasizes mitophagy’s potential in treating brain injuries, including reducing cell damage, promoting cell recovery, and improving neurological function, thus opening new perspectives and directions for future research and clinical applications.</p>