<p>Titanium-based alloys are widely used in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical sectors because of their high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent chemical inertness. Based on the phases present at room temperature, these alloys are broadly classified as alpha (α), beta (β), and alpha+beta (α+β) alloys. Among them, β titanium alloys have attracted considerable attention because of their low Young’s modulus, low density, and non-toxic nature. However, β alloys are relatively soft and exhibit poor wear resistance under both dry and corrosive conditions, which limits their service life in engineering applications. Surface treatment aims to modify the surface microstructure and composition of materials and can be employed to improve wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Considerable research efforts have been devoted to enhancing the surface-dependent engineering properties of Ti-6Al-4V through various surface-engineering approaches. However, the reported literature on the application of surface engineering to improve the properties of β titanium alloys remains relatively limited. In the present review, a comprehensive assessment of the literature on the application of surface-engineering techniques for enhancing the surface-dependent engineering properties of β titanium alloys, particularly wear and corrosion resistance, is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the application of surface engineering for the development of β titanium alloy-based components for biomedical applications.</p>