<p>Shear thickening fluid (STF) is a novel nanosuspension, formed by the uniform dispersion of micro- and nano-silicon within a specific dispersant. This study presents a review of the research on the applications of STF in impact protection, with a focus on two forms: composite fabrics and sandwich panels. The first section presents an initial overview of the impact protection performance of various STF-treated fabrics made from different fibres. Subsequently, methods for optimizing performance and potential application directions for composite fabrics are analysed. For STF sandwich panels, the enhancement of impact resistance in protective structures due to STF is highlighted, along with an evaluation of its application prospects in protective gear, aerospace and other fields. Finally, this study outlines the potential problems and challenges that STF may encounter in impact protection applications, drawing on the current status and developmental trajectory of STF’s applications.</p>